javascript设计模式之装饰者模式

在传统的面向对象的语言中，给对象添加功能常常使用继承的方式，但是继承方式并不灵活，还会带来许多问题：
一方面会导致超类和子类之间存在强耦合性，当超类改变时，子类也会随之改变；另一方面，继承这种功能通常被称为"白箱复用"，在

class Beverage {
    constructor(description = "Unknown beverage") {
        this.description = description;
    }

    getDescription() {
        return this.description;
    }

    cost() {
        throw new Error("This method must be overwritten!");
    }
}

class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage {}

class Espresso extends Beverage {
    cost() {
        return 1.99;
    }
}

class HouseBlend extends Beverage {
    cost() {
        return 0.89;
    }
}

class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {
    constructor(beverage) {
        super();
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    getDescription() {
        return this.beverage.getDescription() + ", Mocha";
    }

    cost() {
        return 0.2 + this.beverage.cost();
    }
}

class Whip extends CondimentDecorator {
    constructor(beverage) {
        super();
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    getDescription() {
        return this.beverage.getDescription() + ", Whip";
    }

    cost() {
        return 0.6 + this.beverage.cost();
    }
}

let oEspressoWithMochaAndWhip = new Espresso();
oEspressoWithMochaAndWhip = new Mocha(oEspressoWithMochaAndWhip);
oEspressoWithMochaAndWhip = new Whip(oEspressoWithMochaAndWhip);

console.log(oEspressoWithMochaAndWhip.cost());