目录
什么是序列化和反序列化?
序列化:将内存中的对象装换成字节序列,以便于持久化到硬盘和网络传输
反序列化:将接收到的字节序列或者是磁盘中的持久化数据转换成内存中的对象
在Hadoop中涉及到集群,集群件的需要进行大量的数据传输,所以对于Hadoop集群来说会有一个需求就是怎么样将A 机器内存中的数据传输到B 机器?这可以使用java自带的序列化框架,serializable;但是由于java自带的序列化会有很多额外的信息,不利于网络的传输,所以hadoop有自己的序列化机制 Writable。
hadoop 中常用数据的序列化类型
表4-1 常用的数据类型对应的Hadoop数据序列化类型
Java类型 | Hadoop Writable类型 |
Boolean | BooleanWritable |
Byte | ByteWritable |
Int | IntWritable |
Float | FloatWritable |
Long | LongWritable |
Double | DoubleWritable |
String | Text |
Map | MapWritable |
Array | ArrayWritable |
自定义bean对象实现序列化接口(Writable)
在企业开发中往往常用的基本序列化类型不能满足所有需求,比如在Hadoop框架内部传递一个bean对象,那么该对象就需要实现序列化接口。具体实现bean对象序列化步骤如下7步。
(1)必须实现Writable接口
(2)反序列化时,需要反射调用空参构造函数,所以必须有空参构造
public FlowBean() {
super();
}
(3)重写序列化方法
@Override
public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeLong(upFlow);
out.writeLong(downFlow);
out.writeLong(sumFlow);
}
(4)重写反序列化方法
@Override
public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
upFlow = in.readLong();
downFlow = in.readLong();
sumFlow = in.readLong();
}
(6)要想把结果显示在文件中,需要重写toString(),可用”\t”分开,方便后续用。
(7)如果需要将自定义的bean放在key中传输,则还需要实现Comparable接口,因为MapReduce框中的Shuffle过程要求对key必须能排序。
序列化案例实操
需求:统计每一个手机号耗费的总上行流量、下行流量、总流量,数据如下:
1 13736230513 192.196.100.1 www.isea.com 2481 24681 200
2 13846544121 192.196.100.2 264 0 200
3 13956435636 192.196.100.3 132 1512 200
4 13966251146 192.168.100.1 240 0 404
5 18271575951 192.168.100.2 www.isea.com 1527 2106 200
6 84188413 192.168.100.3 www.isea.com 4116 1432 200
7 13590439668 192.168.100.4 1116 954 200
8 15910133277 192.168.100.5 www.hao123.com 3156 2936 200
9 13729199489 192.168.100.6 240 0 200
10 13630577991 192.168.100.7 www.shouhu.com 6960 690 200
11 15043685818 192.168.100.8 www.baidu.com 3659 3538 200
12 15959002129 192.168.100.9 www.isea.com 1938 180 500
13 13560439638 192.168.100.10 918 4938 200
14 13470253144 192.168.100.11 180 180 200
15 13682846555 192.168.100.12 www.qq.com 1938 2910 200
16 13992314666 192.168.100.13 www.gaga.com 3008 3720 200
17 13509468723 192.168.100.14 www.qinghua.com 7335 110349 404
18 18390173782 192.168.100.15 www.sogou.com 9531 2412 200
19 13975057813 192.168.100.16 www.baidu.com 11058 48243 200
20 13768778790 192.168.100.17 120 120 200
21 13568436656 192.168.100.18 www.alibaba.com 2481 24681 200
22 13568436656 192.168.100.19 1116 954 200
期望的值是:
13560436666 1116 954 2070
手机号码 上行流量 下行流量 总流量
构思过程:
代码实现:
自定义类:FlowBean
package com.isea.flow;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable;
import java.io.DataInput;
import java.io.DataOutput;
import java.io.IOException;
public class FlowBean implements Writable {
private long upFlow;
private long downFlow;
private long sumFlow;
public FlowBean(long upFlow, long downFlow) {
this.upFlow = upFlow;
this.downFlow = downFlow;
this.sumFlow = upFlow + downFlow;
}
// 无参构造方法,反序列化时候需要用到
public FlowBean() {
}
public long getUpFlow() {
return upFlow;
}
public void setUpFlow(long upFlow) {
this.upFlow = upFlow;
}
public long getDownFlow() {
return downFlow;
}
public void setDownFlow(long downFlow) {
this.downFlow = downFlow;
}
public long getSumFlow() {
return sumFlow;
}
public void setSumFlow(long sumFlow) {
this.sumFlow = sumFlow;
}
public void set(Long upFlow,Long downFlow){
this.upFlow = upFlow;
this.downFlow = downFlow;
sumFlow = upFlow + downFlow;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return upFlow + "\t" + downFlow + "\t" + sumFlow ;
}
// 序列化方法
public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeLong(upFlow);
out.writeLong(downFlow);
out.writeLong(sumFlow);
}
// 反序列化方法
public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
this.upFlow = in.readLong();
this.downFlow = in.readLong();
this.sumFlow = in.readLong();
}
}
Mapper类
package com.isea.flow;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import java.io.IOException;
public class FlowMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text,Text,FlowBean> {
// 键值对的准备
private Text phone = new Text();
private FlowBean flowBean = new FlowBean();
@Override
protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
// 1,获取一行
String line = value.toString();
// 2,切割数据 "\t"
String[] field = line.split("\t");
// 3,封装对象
phone.set(field[1]);
long upFlow = Long.parseLong(field[field.length - 3]);
long downFlow = Long.parseLong(field[field.length - 2]);
flowBean.setUpFlow(upFlow);
flowBean.setDownFlow(downFlow);
// 4,写给reduce
context.write(phone,flowBean);
}
}
Reducer
package com.isea.flow;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import java.io.IOException;
public class FlowReducer extends Reducer<Text,FlowBean, Text,FlowBean> {
private FlowBean resultFlowBean = new FlowBean();
@Override
protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<FlowBean> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
long sumUp = 0;
long sumDown = 0;
// 1,累加求和
for (FlowBean value : values) {
sumDown += value.getDownFlow();
sumUp += value.getUpFlow();
}
resultFlowBean.set(sumUp,sumDown);
// 2,输出
context.write(key,resultFlowBean);
}
}
Driver
package com.isea.flow;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import java.io.IOException;
public class FlowSumDriver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
args = new String[]{"G:/input","G:/output2"};
// 1,获取job对象
Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
Job job = Job.getInstance(configuration);
// 2,设置jar的路径
job.setJarByClass(FlowSumDriver.class);
// 3,关联Mapper和Reducer
job.setMapperClass(FlowMapper.class);
job.setReducerClass(FlowReducer.class);
// 4,设置Mapper输出的key和value类型
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setMapOutputValueClass(FlowBean.class);
// 5,设置最终的输出类型
job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(FlowBean.class);
// 6, 设置输入输出的路径
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,new Path(args[0]));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job,new Path(args[1]));
// 7, 提交job
boolean result = job.waitForCompletion(true);
System.exit(result ? 0 : 1);
}
}
运行之后的结果如下:
13470253144 180 180 360
13509468723 7335 110349 117684
13560439638 918 4938 5856
13568436656 3597 25635 29232
13590439668 1116 954 2070
13630577991 6960 690 7650
13682846555 1938 2910 4848
13729199489 240 0 240
13736230513 2481 24681 27162
13768778790 120 120 240
13846544121 264 0 264
13956435636 132 1512 1644
13966251146 240 0 240
13975057813 11058 48243 59301
13992314666 3008 3720 6728
15043685818 3659 3538 7197
15910133277 3156 2936 6092
15959002129 1938 180 2118
18271575951 1527 2106 3633
18390173782 9531 2412 11943
84188413 4116 1432 5548