常见通配符
字符 | 含义 | 实例 |
---|
* | 匹配0或多个字符 | a*b ,a与b之间可以有任意长度的任意字符,也可以一个都没有,如aabcb、a012b、ab |
? | 匹配任意一个字符 | a?b ,a与b之间必须也只能有一个字符,可以是任意字符,如aab、a2b |
[list] | 匹配list中的任意单一字符 | a[xyz]b ,a与b之间不许也只能由一个字符,且只能是x或y或z,如axb、ayb、azb |
[!list] | 匹配除list中的任意单一字符 | a[!0-9]b ,a与b之间必须也只能有一个字符,但是不能是阿拉伯数字,如axb,abb |
[c1-c2] | 匹配c1-c2中的任意单一字符,如[0-9]、[a-z] | a[0-9]b ,a与b之间必须也只能有一个字符,且必须是数字,如a0b,a1b,…,a9b |
{str1,str2,…} | 匹配str1或str2(或更多)其一字符串 | a{abc,xyz,123}b,a与b之间只能是abc或xyz或123这三个字符串之一 |
示例
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/*.conf
/etc/asound.conf /etc/gai.conf /etc/krb5.conf /etc/logrotate.conf /etc/ntp.conf /etc/prelink.conf /etc/sestatus.conf /etc/tpvmlp.conf
/etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/grub.conf /etc/ld.so.conf /etc/mke2fs.conf /etc/pbm2ppa.conf /etc/readahead.conf /etc/smartd.conf /etc/updatedb.conf
/etc/dracut.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/libaudit.conf /etc/mtools.conf /etc/pm-utils-hd-apm-restore.conf /etc/resolv.conf /etc/sos.conf /etc/warnquota.conf
/etc/fprintd.conf /etc/kdump.conf /etc/libuser.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/pnm2ppa.conf /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/yum.conf
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/???.conf
/etc/gai.conf /etc/ntp.conf /etc/sos.conf /etc/yum.conf
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# touch /opt/a{1,2,3}.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ls /opt/
a1.txt a2.txt a3.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ls /opt/a[123].txt
/opt/a1.txt /opt/a2.txt /opt/a3.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ls /opt/a[1,2,3].txt
/opt/a1.txt /opt/a2.txt /opt/a3.txt
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ls /opt/a[1,3].txt
/opt/a1.txt /opt/a3.txt
[root@localhost ~]#