一 前言
之前的项目中一直使用volley,特别的方便，但是我们服务端为了数据的安全性能突然加了一个是SSL证书，使用Https请求数据。然而volley只支持Http服务器，so不得不换成另外一种网络通信的框架OKHttp,研究了三天的OKHttp这篇文章就大概的讲一下OKHttp的使用方法。
二 Android OkHttp
2.1 使用OKHttp首先在项目中导入三方框架的库
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.4.0'
compile 'com.squareup.okio:okio:1.5.0'注意：:okhttp内部依赖okio，别忘了同时导入okio：
2.2 使用详细说明（文章后面有封装包）
思路：
首先创建一个request对象，通过request设置请求url,通过这个类还可以设置更多的请求信息。
然后通过Request去构造一个Call对象。
调用enqueue执行异步请求，有一个参数设置回调。请求成功或者失败会调用Callback接口的onResponse跟onFailure方法，因为这是异步请求，在回调方法中是不能直接更新UI，所以我们需要通过Handler去更新UI。
handler的代码很简单，就是把请求的结果显示在TextView上
2.2.1 get请求
首先需要创建一个全局的OkHttpClient对象,所有的Http请求都共用这个对象就行。
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
一般从服务器获取信息的接口都是get请求，这里我们调用获取用户信息接口。
private void getUserInfo(){
//创建一个Request
Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder().url("http://139.196.35.30:8080/OkHttpTest/getUserInfo.do");
execute(builder);
}
//执行请求
private void execute(Request.Builder builder){
Call call = client.newCall(builder.build());
call.enqueue(callback);//加入调度队列
}
//请求回调
private Callback callback=new Callback(){
@Override
public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
Log.i("MainActivity","onFailure");
e.printStackTrace();
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
//从response从获取服务器返回的数据，转成字符串处理
String str = new String(response.body().bytes(),"utf-8");
Log.i("MainActivity","onResponse:"+str);
//通过handler更新UI
Message message=handler.obtainMessage();
message.obj=str;
message.sendToTarget();
}
};
private Handler handler=new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
String result= (String) msg.obj;
tvResult.setText(result);
}
};需要注意几点：
onResponse回调的参数是response，一般情况下，比如我们希望获得返回的字符串，可以通过response.body().string()获取；如果希望获得返回的二进制字节数组，则调用response.body().bytes()；如果你想拿到返回的inputStream，则调用response.body().byteStream()
2.2.2 Post请求
通过调用登录接口发送一个post请求。跟get不一样的地方就是传参数不一样，post请求需要把参数封装到RequestBody对象，调用Request对象的post方法把RequestBody传入进去。最后调用execute方法执行请求，这个方法前面get请求的时候讲过。
private void login(){
//把请求参数封装到RequestBody里面
FormBody.Builder formBuilder = new FormBody.Builder();
formBuilder.add("username","ansen");//请求参数一
formBuilder.add("password","123");//请求参数二
RequestBody requestBody = formBuilder.build();
Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder().url("http://139.196.35.30:8080/OkHttpTest/login.do").post(requestBody);
execute(builder);
}2.2.3 文件上传
上传文件需要用到MultipartBody对象，通过调用addFormDataPart方法添加表单参数，通过setType方法设置内容类型，这边设置form表单类型，调用自己的getUploadFileBytes方法获取文件byte数组，通过addFormDataPart方法添加文件，后面的流程跟之前的post请求一样。
private void uploadFile(){
MultipartBody.Builder builder = new MultipartBody.Builder();
builder.addFormDataPart("username", "ansen");//表单参数
builder.addFormDataPart("password", "123456");//表单参数
builder.setType(MultipartBody.FORM);
MediaType mediaType = MediaType.parse("application/octet-stream");
byte[] bytes=getUploadFileBytes();//获取文件内容存入byte数组
//上传文件 参数1:name 参数2:文件名称 参数3:文件byte数组
builder.addFormDataPart("upload_file", "ansen.txt",RequestBody.create(mediaType,bytes));
RequestBody requestBody = builder.build();
Request.Builder requestBuider = new Request.Builder();
requestBuider.url("http://139.196.35.30:8080/OkHttpTest/uploadFile.do");
requestBuider.post(requestBody);
execute(requestBuider);
}通过http协议请求服务器数据，常用的就这几种请求，如果有特殊需求自己扩展。例如:下载文件，从服务器下载图片等。。。。
其实类似于我们拼接模拟浏览器行为的方式，如果你对这块不了解，可以参考：从原理角度解析Android （Java） http 文件上传
ok，对于我们最开始的目录还剩下图片下载，文件下载；这两个一个是通过回调的Response拿到byte[]然后decode成图片；文件下载，就是拿到inputStream做写文件操作，我们这里就不赘述了。
2.3封装代码
2.3.1 一般的get请求
OkHttpClientManager.getAsyn("https://www.baidu.com", new OkHttpClientManager.ResultCallback<String>()
{
@Override
public void onError(Request request, Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
@Override
public void onResponse(String u)
{
mTv.setText(u);//注意这里是UI线程
}
});对于一般的请求，我们希望给个url，然后CallBack里面直接操作控件。
2.3.2 文件上传且携带参数
我们希望提供一个方法，传入url,params,file,callback即可。
OkHttpClientManager.postAsyn("http://192.168.1.103:8080/okHttpServer/fileUpload",//
new OkHttpClientManager.ResultCallback<String>()
{
@Override
public void onError(Request request, IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
@Override
public void onResponse(String result)
{
}
},//
file,//
"mFile",//
new OkHttpClientManager.Param[]{
new OkHttpClientManager.Param("username", "zhy"),
new OkHttpClientManager.Param("password", "123")}
);键值对没什么说的，参数3为file，参数4为file对应的name，这个name不是文件的名字；
对应于http中的
<input type="file" name="mFile" >对应的是name后面的值，即mFile.
2.3.3 文件下载
对于文件下载，提供url，目标dir，callback即可。
OkHttpClientManager.downloadAsyn(
"http://192.168.1.103:8080/okHttpServer/files/messenger_01.png",
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath(),
new OkHttpClientManager.ResultCallback<String>()
{
@Override
public void onError(Request request, IOException e)
{
}
@Override
public void onResponse(String response)
{
//文件下载成功，这里回调的reponse为文件的absolutePath
}
});2.3.4 展示图片
展示图片,我们希望提供一个url和一个imageview，如果下载成功，直接帮我们设置上即可。
OkHttpClientManager.displayImage(mImageView,
"http://images.csdn.net/20150817/1.jpg");内部会自动根据imageview的大小自动对图片进行合适的压缩。虽然，这里可能不适合一次性加载大量图片的场景，但是对于app中偶尔有几个图片的加载，还是可用的。
2.3.5 、整合Gson
很多人提出项目中使用时，服务端返回的是Json字符串，希望客户端回调可以直接拿到对象，于是整合进入了Gson，完善该功能。
（一）直接回调对象
例如现在有个User实体类：
package com.zhy.utils.http.okhttp;
public class User {
public String username ;
public String password ;
public User() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public User(String username, String password) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "User{" +
"username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}服务端返回：
{"username":"zhy","password":"123"}客户端可以如下方式调用：
OkHttpClientManager.getAsyn("http://192.168.56.1:8080/okHttpServer/user!getUser",
new OkHttpClientManager.ResultCallback<User>()
{
@Override
public void onError(Request request, Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
@Override
public void onResponse(User user)
{
mTv.setText(u.toString());//UI线程
}
});我们传入泛型User，在onResponse里面直接回调User对象。
这里特别要注意的事，如果在json字符串->实体对象过程中发生错误，程序不会崩溃，onError方法会被回调。
注意：这里做了少许的更新，接口命名从StringCallback修改为ResultCallback。接口中的onFailure方法修改为onError。
(二) 回调对象集合
依然是上述的User类，服务端返回
[{"username":"zhy","password":"123"},{"username":"lmj","password":"12345"}]则客户端可以如下调用：
OkHttpClientManager.getAsyn("http://192.168.56.1:8080/okHttpServer/user!getUsers",
new OkHttpClientManager.ResultCallback<List<User>>()
{
@Override
public void onError(Request request, Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
@Override
public void onResponse(List<User> us)
{
Log.e("TAG", us.size() + "");
mTv.setText(us.get(1).toString());
}
});唯一的区别，就是泛型变为List ，ok ， 如果发现bug或者有任何意见欢迎留言。
2.3.6 封装的工具类
/**
* Created by liangguliang on 17/8/23.
*/
public class OkHttpClientManager
{
private static OkHttpClientManager mInstance;
private OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient;
private Handler mDelivery;
private Gson mGson;
private static final String TAG = "OkHttpClientManager";
private OkHttpClientManager()
{
mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
//cookie enabled
mOkHttpClient.setCookieHandler(new CookieManager(null, CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER));
mDelivery = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
mGson = new Gson();
}
public static OkHttpClientManager getInstance()
{
if (mInstance == null)
{
synchronized (OkHttpClientManager.class)
{
if (mInstance == null)
{
mInstance = new OkHttpClientManager();
}
}
}
return mInstance;
}
/**
* 同步的Get请求
*
* @param url
* @return Response
*/
private Response _getAsyn(String url) throws IOException
{
final Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.build();
Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request);
Response execute = call.execute();
return execute;
}
/**
* 同步的Get请求
*
* @param url
* @return 字符串
*/
private String _getAsString(String url) throws IOException
{
Response execute = _getAsyn(url);
return execute.body().string();
}
/**
* 异步的get请求
*
* @param url
* @param callback
*/
private void _getAsyn(String url, final ResultCallback callback)
{
final Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.build();
deliveryResult(callback, request);
}
/**
* 同步的Post请求
*
* @param url
* @param params post的参数
* @return
*/
private Response _post(String url, Param... params) throws IOException
{
Request request = buildPostRequest(url, params);
Response response = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
return response;
}
/**
* 同步的Post请求
*
* @param url
* @param params post的参数
* @return 字符串
*/
private String _postAsString(String url, Param... params) throws IOException
{
Response response = _post(url, params);
return response.body().string();
}
/**
* 异步的post请求
*
* @param url
* @param callback
* @param params
*/
private void _postAsyn(String url, final ResultCallback callback, Param... params)
{
Request request = buildPostRequest(url, params);
deliveryResult(callback, request);
}
/**
* 异步的post请求
*
* @param url
* @param callback
* @param params
*/
private void _postAsyn(String url, final ResultCallback callback, Map<String, String> params)
{
Param[] paramsArr = map2Params(params);
Request request = buildPostRequest(url, paramsArr);
deliveryResult(callback, request);
}
/**
* 同步基于post的文件上传
*
* @param params
* @return
*/
private Response _post(String url, File[] files, String[] fileKeys, Param... params) throws IOException
{
Request request = buildMultipartFormRequest(url, files, fileKeys, params);
return mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
}
private Response _post(String url, File file, String fileKey) throws IOException
{
Request request = buildMultipartFormRequest(url, new File[]{file}, new String[]{fileKey}, null);
return mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
}
private Response _post(String url, File file, String fileKey, Param... params) throws IOException
{
Request request = buildMultipartFormRequest(url, new File[]{file}, new String[]{fileKey}, params);
return mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
}
/**
* 异步基于post的文件上传
*
* @param url
* @param callback
* @param files
* @param fileKeys
* @throws IOException
*/
private void _postAsyn(String url, ResultCallback callback, File[] files, String[] fileKeys, Param... params) throws IOException
{
Request request = buildMultipartFormRequest(url, files, fileKeys, params);
deliveryResult(callback, request);
}
/**
* 异步基于post的文件上传，单文件不带参数上传
*
* @param url
* @param callback
* @param file
* @param fileKey
* @throws IOException
*/
private void _postAsyn(String url, ResultCallback callback, File file, String fileKey) throws IOException
{
Request request = buildMultipartFormRequest(url, new File[]{file}, new String[]{fileKey}, null);
deliveryResult(callback, request);
}
/**
* 异步基于post的文件上传，单文件且携带其他form参数上传
*
* @param url
* @param callback
* @param file
* @param fileKey
* @param params
* @throws IOException
*/
private void _postAsyn(String url, ResultCallback callback, File file, String fileKey, Param... params) throws IOException
{
Request request = buildMultipartFormRequest(url, new File[]{file}, new String[]{fileKey}, params);
deliveryResult(callback, request);
}
/**
* 异步下载文件
*
* @param url
* @param destFileDir 本地文件存储的文件夹
* @param callback
*/
private void _downloadAsyn(final String url, final String destFileDir, final ResultCallback callback)
{
final Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.build();
final Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request);
call.enqueue(new Callback()
{
@Override
public void onFailure(final Request request, final IOException e)
{
sendFailedStringCallback(request, e, callback);
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Response response)
{
InputStream is = null;
byte[] buf = new byte[2048];
int len = 0;
FileOutputStream fos = null;
try
{
is = response.body().byteStream();
File file = new File(destFileDir, getFileName(url));
fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
while ((len = is.read(buf)) != -1)
{
fos.write(buf, 0, len);
}
fos.flush();
//如果下载文件成功，第一个参数为文件的绝对路径
sendSuccessResultCallback(file.getAbsolutePath(), callback);
} catch (IOException e)
{
sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, callback);
} finally
{
try
{
if (is != null) is.close();
} catch (IOException e)
{
}
try
{
if (fos != null) fos.close();
} catch (IOException e)
{
}
}
}
});
}
private String getFileName(String path)
{
int separatorIndex = path.lastIndexOf("/");
return (separatorIndex < 0) ? path : path.substring(separatorIndex + 1, path.length());
}
/**
* 加载图片
*
* @param view
* @param url
* @throws IOException
*/
private void _displayImage(final ImageView view, final String url, final int errorResId)
{
final Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.build();
Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request);
call.enqueue(new Callback()
{
@Override
public void onFailure(Request request, IOException e)
{
setErrorResId(view, errorResId);
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Response response)
{
InputStream is = null;
try
{
is = response.body().byteStream();
ImageUtils.ImageSize actualImageSize = ImageUtils.getImageSize(is);
ImageUtils.ImageSize imageViewSize = ImageUtils.getImageViewSize(view);
int inSampleSize = ImageUtils.calculateInSampleSize(actualImageSize, imageViewSize);
try
{
is.reset();
} catch (IOException e)
{
response = _getAsyn(url);
is = response.body().byteStream();
}
BitmapFactory.Options ops = new BitmapFactory.Options();
ops.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
ops.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;
final Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, ops);
mDelivery.post(new Runnable()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
view.setImageBitmap(bm);
}
});
} catch (Exception e)
{
setErrorResId(view, errorResId);
} finally
{
if (is != null) try
{
is.close();
} catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
});
}
private void setErrorResId(final ImageView view, final int errorResId)
{
mDelivery.post(new Runnable()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
view.setImageResource(errorResId);
}
});
}
//*************对外公布的方法************
public static Response getAsyn(String url) throws IOException
{
return getInstance()._getAsyn(url);
}
public static String getAsString(String url) throws IOException
{
return getInstance()._getAsString(url);
}
public static void getAsyn(String url, ResultCallback callback)
{
getInstance()._getAsyn(url, callback);
}
public static Response post(String url, Param... params) throws IOException
{
return getInstance()._post(url, params);
}
public static String postAsString(String url, Param... params) throws IOException
{
return getInstance()._postAsString(url, params);
}
public static void postAsyn(String url, final ResultCallback callback, Param... params)
{
getInstance()._postAsyn(url, callback, params);
}
public static void postAsyn(String url, final ResultCallback callback, Map<String, String> params)
{
getInstance()._postAsyn(url, callback, params);
}
public static Response post(String url, File[] files, String[] fileKeys, Param... params) throws IOException
{
return getInstance()._post(url, files, fileKeys, params);
}
public static Response post(String url, File file, String fileKey) throws IOException
{
return getInstance()._post(url, file, fileKey);
}
public static Response post(String url, File file, String fileKey, Param... params) throws IOException
{
return getInstance()._post(url, file, fileKey, params);
}
public static void postAsyn(String url, ResultCallback callback, File[] files, String[] fileKeys, Param... params) throws IOException
{
getInstance()._postAsyn(url, callback, files, fileKeys, params);
}
public static void postAsyn(String url, ResultCallback callback, File file, String fileKey) throws IOException
{
getInstance()._postAsyn(url, callback, file, fileKey);
}
public static void postAsyn(String url, ResultCallback callback, File file, String fileKey, Param... params) throws IOException
{
getInstance()._postAsyn(url, callback, file, fileKey, params);
}
public static void displayImage(final ImageView view, String url, int errorResId) throws IOException
{
getInstance()._displayImage(view, url, errorResId);
}
public static void displayImage(final ImageView view, String url)
{
getInstance()._displayImage(view, url, -1);
}
public static void downloadAsyn(String url, String destDir, ResultCallback callback)
{
getInstance()._downloadAsyn(url, destDir, callback);
}
//****************************
private Request buildMultipartFormRequest(String url, File[] files,
String[] fileKeys, Param[] params)
{
params = validateParam(params);
MultipartBuilder builder = new MultipartBuilder()
.type(MultipartBuilder.FORM);
for (Param param : params)
{
builder.addPart(Headers.of("Content-Disposition", "form-data; name=\"" + param.key + "\""),
RequestBody.create(null, param.value));
}
if (files != null)
{
RequestBody fileBody = null;
for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++)
{
File file = files[i];
String fileName = file.getName();
fileBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse(guessMimeType(fileName)), file);
//TODO 根据文件名设置contentType
builder.addPart(Headers.of("Content-Disposition",
"form-data; name=\"" + fileKeys[i] + "\"; filename=\"" + fileName + "\""),
fileBody);
}
}
RequestBody requestBody = builder.build();
return new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(requestBody)
.build();
}
private String guessMimeType(String path)
{
FileNameMap fileNameMap = URLConnection.getFileNameMap();
String contentTypeFor = fileNameMap.getContentTypeFor(path);
if (contentTypeFor == null)
{
contentTypeFor = "application/octet-stream";
}
return contentTypeFor;
}
private Param[] validateParam(Param[] params)
{
if (params == null)
return new Param[0];
else return params;
}
private Param[] map2Params(Map<String, String> params)
{
if (params == null) return new Param[0];
int size = params.size();
Param[] res = new Param[size];
Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entries = params.entrySet();
int i = 0;
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entries)
{
res[i++] = new Param(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
return res;
}
private static final String SESSION_KEY = "Set-Cookie";
private static final String mSessionKey = "JSESSIONID";
private Map<String, String> mSessions = new HashMap<String, String>();
private void deliveryResult(final ResultCallback callback, Request request)
{
mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback()
{
@Override
public void onFailure(final Request request, final IOException e)
{
sendFailedStringCallback(request, e, callback);
}
@Override
public void onResponse(final Response response)
{
try
{
final String string = response.body().string();
if (callback.mType == String.class)
{
sendSuccessResultCallback(string, callback);
} else
{
Object o = mGson.fromJson(string, callback.mType);
sendSuccessResultCallback(o, callback);
}
} catch (IOException e)
{
sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, callback);
} catch (com.google.gson.JsonParseException e)//Json解析的错误
{
sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, callback);
}
}
});
}
private void sendFailedStringCallback(final Request request, final Exception e, final ResultCallback callback)
{
mDelivery.post(new Runnable()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
if (callback != null)
callback.onError(request, e);
}
});
}
private void sendSuccessResultCallback(final Object object, final ResultCallback callback)
{
mDelivery.post(new Runnable()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
if (callback != null)
{
callback.onResponse(object);
}
}
});
}
private Request buildPostRequest(String url, Param[] params)
{
if (params == null)
{
params = new Param[0];
}
FormEncodingBuilder builder = new FormEncodingBuilder();
for (Param param : params)
{
builder.add(param.key, param.value);
}
RequestBody requestBody = builder.build();
return new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(requestBody)
.build();
}
public static abstract class ResultCallback<T>
{
Type mType;
public ResultCallback()
{
mType = getSuperclassTypeParameter(getClass());
}
static Type getSuperclassTypeParameter(Class<?> subclass)
{
Type superclass = subclass.getGenericSuperclass();
if (superclass instanceof Class)
{
throw new RuntimeException("Missing type parameter.");
}
ParameterizedType parameterized = (ParameterizedType) superclass;
return $Gson$Types.canonicalize(parameterized.getActualTypeArguments()[0]);
}
public abstract void onError(Request request, Exception e);
public abstract void onResponse(T response);
}
public static class Param
{
public Param()
{
}
public Param(String key, String value)
{
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
}
String key;
String value;
}
}
大家认真看肯定会学到很多东西
源码地址okhttp-utils，可以自己下载查看。
转自：http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/47911083
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