如何在现有的 Linux 系统上添加新的磁盘

  今天上午，因为练习需要，我想要装一个Oracle 12R2的数据库，软件也下载了，也上传到虚拟机了，解压的时候，发现解压失败，因为磁盘空间满了，没法解压了，但是这不能阻挡我想要装数据库的动力，所以我就想着在linux系统上添加额外的磁盘。其实这种问题，很多朋友都遇到过这样问题，自己的虚拟机用着用着，忽然发现没有空间了，但是还必须用，这怎么办呢，就必须在现有的linux系统上添加新的磁盘，所以我就总结一下，方便大家的使用。

在当前的我这个环境中，我必须首先把我当前的虚拟机关机，然后添加硬盘。我用的是VMware Workstation虚拟计算机软件。关机之后，设备--硬盘，左下方“添加”，进入添加硬件向导中，硬盘--默认第二个scsi接口类型--模式，独立永久--创建新虚拟机磁盘--磁盘大小，这个根据自己需要多大，就建立多大，我这里设置10G，在选择第三个将虚拟磁盘拆分多个文件--完成。再打开计算机，下面就具体进入怎么添加磁盘了

1、fdisk-l

这个命令会列出当前分区和配置。

[root@cql ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000e3d27
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1         914     7340032   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2             914        1437     4194304   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3   *        1437        2611     9436160   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

/dev/sdb就是我新添加的硬盘

2、分区

[root@cql ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x902f648a.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.


Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)


WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m                           ###m帮助
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)


Command (m for help): n                   #####新建
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): 

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305): +10G
Value out of range.
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305): +9G


Command (m for help): w     ######保存和退出
The partition table has been altered!


Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

验证

[root@cql ~]# fdisk -l


Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000e3d27


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1         914     7340032   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2             914        1437     4194304   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3   *        1437        2611     9436160   83  Linux


Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x902f648a


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1        1176     9446188+  83  Linux

3、格式化

首先确定我当前的文件系统都是什么类型的，这里可以看到都是ext3日志类型的

[root@cql ~]# df -hT
Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      ext3   8.9G  4.0G  4.5G  48% /
tmpfs          tmpfs  931M   72K  931M   1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1      ext3   6.9G  3.4G  3.2G  52% /u01

格式化

[root@cql ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
591008 inodes, 2361547 blocks
118077 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2420113408
73 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8096 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632


正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成


This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

4、挂在分区

[root@cql ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /u01

查看

[root@cql ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3       8.9G  4.0G  4.5G  48% /
tmpfs           931M  224K  931M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       8.9G  149M  8.3G   2% /u01
/dev/sr0        3.6G  3.6G     0 100% /media/RHEL_6.5 x86_64 Disc 1

/dev/sdb1       8.9G  149M  8.3G   2% /u01

5、加入开机自动

   我是通过修改/etc/fstab文件，加入开机自动的，反正方法各种各样，都可以的，随自己的心情~

  5.1首先查看分区的UUID

[root@cql ~]# sudo blkid
/dev/sda3: UUID="16046051-6a05-4e6b-b5d2-b64258f5e6d2" TYPE="ext3" 
/dev/sda1: UUID="1573581f-e2d5-4f7c-a2de-da6e0eb94359" TYPE="ext3" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="a0b44529-1476-4cd7-a009-51b879ba163a" TYPE="swap" 

/dev/sdb1: UUID="f124b1f5-16df-4d68-bdc4-41aa08562111" TYPE="ext3" 

5.2编辑

[root@cql ~]# vi /etc/fstab


#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Sep 17 22:40:58 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=16046051-6a05-4e6b-b5d2-b64258f5e6d2 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
UUID=1573581f-e2d5-4f7c-a2de-da6e0eb94359 /u01                    ext3    defaults        1 2
UUID=a0b44529-1476-4cd7-a009-51b879ba163a swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
UUID=f124b1f5-16df-4d68-bdc4-41aa08562111 /u01                    ext3     defaults       1 2
~

"/etc/fstab" 16L, 899C written
[root@cql ~]# cat /etc/fstab


#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Sep 17 22:40:58 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=16046051-6a05-4e6b-b5d2-b64258f5e6d2 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
UUID=1573581f-e2d5-4f7c-a2de-da6e0eb94359 /u01                    ext3    defaults        1 2
UUID=a0b44529-1476-4cd7-a009-51b879ba163a swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
UUID=f124b1f5-16df-4d68-bdc4-41aa08562111 /u01                    ext3     defaults       1 2

5.3重启，确认结果~

[root@cql ~]# reboot


Broadcast message from root@cql
        (/dev/pts/3) at 21:50 ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!

[root@cql ~]# df -hT
Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      ext3   8.9G  4.0G  4.5G  48% /
tmpfs          tmpfs  931M   72K  931M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1      ext3   8.9G  149M  8.3G   2% /u01
/dev/sdb1      ext3   8.9G  149M  8.3G   2% /u01

OK！