结合代码彻底理解Spring AOP的术语

每本Spring的书在介绍AOP之前，总能有一箩筐的术语，看半天似懂非懂，也就没兴趣再继续学习下去，其实并没有这么复杂。

难懂的定义我们就不贴了，就说说咱们通俗的解释，下面让我们结合代码来理清楚各个术语的含义

一、Advice(通知，叫增强更贴切低啊，也更好理解)

增强可以这么理解：为某些方法增加某些功能，这些功能可以安全、事物、日志等;

增强分为前置增强(Before Advice):对方法执行前进行的增强

                后置增强(After Advice):对方法执行后进行的增强

                环绕增强(Around Advice):可以理解为前置增强跟后置增强的合体

                抛出增强(Throw Advice):方法抛出异常后退出执行的增强

                引入增强(Introduction Advice):动态的让被增强的类实现一个接口

代码伺候:

先看前置增强、后置增强以及环绕增强，下面是jdk动态代理的代理类

package com.bckj.proxy.jdk;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;


public class Invo implements InvocationHandler {
    private Object target;

    public Invo(Object target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object o, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        before();
        Object result = method.invoke(target, args);
        after();
        return result;
    }
    
    private void before(){
        System.out.println("------method start------");
    }
    private void after(){
        System.out.println("------method end------");
    }
    
}

上面例子中的invoke方法中before方法就叫前置加强，像after这样的方法就叫后置加强,before跟after兼具就叫环绕加强，下面看Spring Aop的代码

接口:

package test;

/**
 * Created by DoodleJump on 2017/5/16.
 */
public interface Greeting {
    void sayHello(String name);
}

实现类:

package test;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * Created by DoodleJump on 2017/5/16.
 */
@Component
public class GreetingImpl implements Greeting {
    @Override
    public void sayHello(String name) {
        System.out.println("Hello! "+name);
    }
}

前置增强类(实现org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice接口):

package test;

import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
 * 前置增强
 */
@Component
public class GreetingBeforeAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice{

    @Override
    public void before(Method method, Object[] objects, Object o) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println(method.getName()+" start!");
    }
}

后置增强类(实现org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice接口):

package test;

import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
 * 后置增强
 */
@Component
public class GreetingAfterAdvice implements AfterReturningAdvice {

    @Override
    public void afterReturning(Object o, Method method, Object[] objects, Object o1) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println(method.getName()+" end!");
    }
}

环绕增强类(实现org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor接口):

package test;

import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
 * 环绕增强
 */
@Component
public class GreetingAroundAdvice implements MethodInterceptor {

    @Override
    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {
        before(methodInvocation);
        Object result = methodInvocation.proceed();
        after(methodInvocation);
        return result;
    }

    private void before(MethodInvocation methodInvocation){
        System.out.println(methodInvocation.getMethod().getName()+" start!");
    }

    private void after(MethodInvocation methodInvocation){
        System.out.println(methodInvocation.getMethod().getName()+" end!");
    }
}

就以环绕增强类为例,spring配置文件的配置如下

<context:component-scan base-package="test" />

     <bean id="greetingProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
          <!--需要代理的接口-->
          <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="test.Greeting"/>
          <!--接口实现类-->
          <property name="target" ref="greetingImpl"/>
          <!--拦截器名称(也就是增强类名称)-->
          <property name="interceptorNames">
               <list>
                    <value>greetingAroundAdvice</value>
               </list>
          </property>
     </bean>

测试类:

package test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
 * Created by DoodleJump on 2017/5/16.
 */
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/ApplicationContext.xml");
        Greeting greeting = (Greeting)context.getBean("greetingProxy");
        greeting.sayHello("Jack");
    }
}

测试结果:

下面来看抛出增强:

抛出增强类(实现org.springframe.aop.ThrowAdvice接口，该接口仅仅为标识接口,没有抽象方法，但是实现类必须得有afterThrowing这个方法，不然spring在反射的时候会抛出java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: At least one handler method must be found in class [class test.GreetingThrowAdvice] 这个异常)

package test;

import org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
 * Created by DoodleJump on 2017/5/16.
 */
@Component
public class GreetingThrowAdvice implements ThrowsAdvice {

    public void afterThrowing(Method method,Object[] args,Object target,Exception e){
        System.out.println("----------Throw Exception----------");
        System.out.println("Target Class: "+target.getClass().getName());
        System.out.println("Method Name: "+method.getName());
        System.out.println("Exception Message: "+e.getMessage());
        System.out.println("-----------------------------------");
    }
}

让实现类的方法抛出一个异常:

@Component
public class GreetingImpl implements Greeting {
    @Override
    public void sayHello(String name) {
        System.out.println("Hello! "+name);
        throw new RuntimeException("Error");
    }
}

配置文件的话就把增强类名称改为greetingThrowAdvice，测试类不变,测试结果:

引入增强:

动态实现的接口:

package test;

/**
 * Created by DoodleJump on 2017/5/16.
 */
public interface Apology {
    void saySorry(String name);
}

引入增强类(继承org.springframework.aop.support.DelegationIntroductionInterceptor并实现动态接口):

package test;

import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
import org.springframework.aop.support.DelegatingIntroductionInterceptor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * Created by DoodleJump on 2017/5/16.
 */
@Component
public class GreetingIntroAdvice extends DelegatingIntroductionInterceptor implements Apology {
    @Override
    public void saySorry(String name) {
        System.out.println("Sorry! "+name);
    }

    @Override
    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
        return super.invoke(invocation);
    }
}

spring配置文件:

<bean id="greetingProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
          <!--需要代理的接口-->
          <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="test.Apology"/>
          <!--接口实现类-->
          <property name="target" ref="greetingImpl"/>
          <!--拦截器名称(也就是增强类名称)-->
          <property name="interceptorNames">
               <list>
                    <value>greetingIntroAdvice</value>
               </list>
          </property>
          <!--代理目标类(false:jdk代理，true:cglib代理)-->
          <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"/>
     </bean>

测试类:

package test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
 * Created by DoodleJump on 2017/5/16.
 */
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/ApplicationContext.xml");
        GreetingImpl greetingImpl = (GreetingImpl)context.getBean("greetingProxy");
        greetingImpl.sayHello("Jack");
        Apology apology = (Apology) greetingImpl;
        apology.saySorry("Jack");
    }
}

测试结果:

可以看到生成的代理类动态的实现了Apology这个接口。

二、Weaving(织入):对方法的增强，比如上面所说的前置增强、后置增强以及环绕增强都是织入的表现

根据不同的实现技术，AOP有三种织入的方式：
    a、编译期织入，这要求使用特殊的Java编译器。
    b、类装载期织入，这要求使用特殊的类装载器。
    c、动态代理织入，在运行期为目标类添加增强生成子类的方式。
    Spring采用动态代理织入，而AspectJ采用编译期织入和类装载期织入。

三、Introduction(引入):对类的增强,比如上面所说的引入增强

四、Pointcut(切点):切入的连接点，即织入或引入发生的那个方法或类

五、Aspect(切面):增强+切点，配置如下

六、Join Point(连接点):所有可以切入的点，切点只是你选择的部分连接点