LockSupport是一个编程工具类,主要是为了阻塞和唤醒线程用的,所有的方法都是静态方法,可以让线程在任意位置阻塞,也可以在任意位置唤醒。使用它我们可以实现很多功能,今天主要就是对这个工具类的讲解,希望对你有帮助。
LockSupport简介
在介绍java中的Lock时,比如ReentrantLock,ReentReadWriteLocks,已经在介绍线程间等待/通知机制使用的Condition时都会调用LockSupport.park()方法和LockSupport.unpark()方法。而这个在同步组件的实现中被频繁使用的LockSupport到底是何方神圣,现在就来看看。LockSupprot是线程的阻塞原语,用来阻塞线程和唤醒线程。每个使用LockSupport的线程都会与一个许可关联,如果该许可可用,并且可在线程中使用,则调用park()将会立即返回,否则可能阻塞。如果许可尚不可用,则可以调用 unpark 使其可用。但是注意许可不可重入,也就是说只能调用一次park()方法,否则会一直阻塞。
LockSupport方法
LockSupport中的方法
LockSupport方法介绍
LockSupport中的方法不多,且都为静态方法,这里将这些方法做一个总结:
阻塞线程
- void park():阻塞当前线程,如果调用unpark方法或者当前线程被中断,从能从park()方法中返回
- void park(Object blocker):功能同方法1,入参增加一个Object对象,用来记录导致线程阻塞的阻塞对象,方便进行问题排查;
- void parkNanos(long nanos):阻塞当前线程,最长不超过nanos纳秒,增加了超时返回的特性;
- void parkNanos(Object blocker, long nanos):功能同方法3,入参增加一个Object对象,用来记录导致线程阻塞的阻塞对象,方便进行问题排查;
- void parkUntil(long deadline):阻塞当前线程,知道deadline;
- void parkUntil(Object blocker, long deadline):功能同方法5,入参增加一个Object对象,用来记录导致线程阻塞的阻塞对象,方便进行问题排查;
唤醒线程
- void unpark(Thread thread):唤醒处于阻塞状态的指定线程
LockSupport源码
park()源码
/**
* Disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes unless the
* permit is available.
*
* <p>If the permit is available then it is consumed and the call
* returns immediately; otherwise the current thread becomes disabled
* for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until one of three
* things happens:
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>Some other thread invokes {@link #unpark unpark} with the
* current thread as the target; or
*
* <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
* the current thread; or
*
* <li>The call spuriously (that is, for no reason) returns.
* </ul>
*
* <p>This method does <em>not</em> report which of these caused the
* method to return. Callers should re-check the conditions which caused
* the thread to park in the first place. Callers may also determine,
* for example, the interrupt status of the thread upon return.
*/
public static void park() {
UNSAFE.park(false, 0L);
}
unpark()源码
/**
* Makes available the permit for the given thread, if it
* was not already available. If the thread was blocked on
* {@code park} then it will unblock. Otherwise, its next call
* to {@code park} is guaranteed not to block. This operation
* is not guaranteed to have any effect at all if the given
* thread has not been started.
*
* @param thread the thread to unpark, or {@code null}, in which case
* this operation has no effect
*/
public static void unpark(Thread thread) {
if (thread != null)
UNSAFE.unpark(thread);
}
我们知道了实际上LockSupport阻塞和唤醒线程的功能是依赖于sun.misc.Unsafe,这是一个很底层的类,有兴趣的可以去查阅资料,比如park()方法的功能实现则是靠unsafe.park()方法。
LockSupport实例
LockSupport类经典面试题:用两个线程,一个输出字母,一个输出数字,交替输出1A2B3C4D5E…26Z。
分析思路:LockSupport.park()让当前线程阻塞,LockSupport.unpark(t2)解锁t2线程。
package cn.wideth.util;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
public class Main {
private static Thread t1=null,t2=null;
public static void main(String[] args) {
char [] nums="123456789".toCharArray();
char [] chars="ABCDEFGHI".toCharArray();
t1=new Thread(()->{
for (char c:nums) {
System.out.print(c);
LockSupport.unpark(t2);
LockSupport.park();
}
},"t1");
t2=new Thread(()->{
for (char c:chars) {
LockSupport.park();
System.out.print(c);
LockSupport.unpark(t1);
}
},"t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
运行结果
本文小结
LockSupport是一个编程工具类,主要是为了阻塞和唤醒线程用的。首先介绍了LockSupport的基本概念,以及常用的方法,最后给出了LockSupport有关的一个经典面试题。