jpa学习1---jpa入门

jpa学习1---jpa入门

1.目标：搭建jpa连接数据库，进行crud系列操作

2.工程结构图：

3.新建java工程，引入jar包，在META-INF下新建persistence.xml文件

配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.0"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
	<persistence-unit name="jpa-1" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
		<!-- 
		配置使用什么 ORM 产品来作为 JPA 的实现 
		1. 实际上配置的是  javax.persistence.spi.PersistenceProvider 接口的实现类
		2. 若 JPA 项目中只有一个 JPA 的实现产品, 则也可以不配置该节点. 
		-->
		<provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
	
		<!-- 添加持久化类 -->
		<class>com.zl.jpa.main.Customer</class>
		<!-- 
		<class>com.zl.jpa.main.Order</class>
	
		<class>com.zl.jpa.main.Department</class>
		<class>com.zl.jpa.main.Manager</class>
	
		<class>com.zl.jpa.main.Item</class>
		<class>com.zl.jpa.main.Category</class> -->
		
		<!-- 
		配置二级缓存的策略 
		ALL：所有的实体类都被缓存
		NONE：所有的实体类都不被缓存. 
		ENABLE_SELECTIVE：标识 @Cacheable(true) 注解的实体类将被缓存
		DISABLE_SELECTIVE：缓存除标识 @Cacheable(false) 以外的所有实体类
		UNSPECIFIED：默认值，JPA 产品默认值将被使用
		-->
		<shared-cache-mode>ENABLE_SELECTIVE</shared-cache-mode>
	
		<properties>
			<!-- 连接数据库的基本信息 -->
			<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
			<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql:///spring"/>
			<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root"/>
			<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="tiger"/>
			
			<!-- 配置 JPA 实现产品的基本属性. 配置 hibernate 的基本属性 -->
			<property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/>
			<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
			<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
			
			<!-- 二级缓存相关 -->
			<property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache" value="true"/>
			<property name="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class" value="org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory"/>
			<property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache" value="true"/>
		</properties>
	</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

4.新建entity类：

package com.zl.jpa.main;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.*;
/**
 * 
 * @author zenglong
 *
 * @Description:实体类
 */
@Cacheable(true)
@Table(name="JPA_CUTOMERS")
@Entity
public class Customer {

	private Integer id;
	private String lastName;

	private String email;
	private int age;
	
	private Date createdTime;
	private Date birth;
	
	public Customer() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	
	public Customer(String lastName, int age) {
		super();
		this.lastName = lastName;
		this.age = age;
	}



	private Set<Order> orders = new HashSet<>();

//	@TableGenerator(name="ID_GENERATOR",
//			table="jpa_id_generators",
//			pkColumnName="PK_NAME",
//			pkColumnValue="CUSTOMER_ID",
//			valueColumnName="PK_VALUE",
//			allocationSize=100)
//	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.TABLE,generator="ID_GENERATOR")
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
	@Id
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	@Column(name="LAST_NAME",length=50,nullable=false)
	public String getLastName() {
		return lastName;
	}

	public void setLastName(String lastName) {
		this.lastName = lastName;
	}

	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}

	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
	public Date getCreatedTime() {
		return createdTime;
	}

	public void setCreatedTime(Date createdTime) {
		this.createdTime = createdTime;
	}

	@Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)
	public Date getBirth() {
		return birth;
	}

	public void setBirth(Date birth) {
		this.birth = birth;
	}
	
	//映射单向 1-n 的关联关系
	//使用 @OneToMany 来映射 1-n 的关联关系
	//使用 @JoinColumn 来映射外键列的名称
	//可以使用 @OneToMany 的 fetch 属性来修改默认的加载策略
	//可以通过 @OneToMany 的 cascade 属性来修改默认的删除策略. 
	//注意: 若在 1 的一端的 @OneToMany 中使用 mappedBy 属性, 则 @OneToMany 端就不能再使用 @JoinColumn 属性了. 
//	@JoinColumn(name="CUSTOMER_ID")
	@OneToMany(fetch=FetchType.LAZY,cascade={CascadeType.REMOVE},mappedBy="customer")
	public Set<Order> getOrders() {
		return orders;
	}

	public void setOrders(Set<Order> orders) {
		this.orders = orders;
	}

	//工具方法. 不需要映射为数据表的一列. 
	@Transient
	public String getInfo(){
		return "lastName: " + lastName + ", email: " + email;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Customer [id=" + id + ", lastName=" + lastName + ", email="
				+ email + ", age=" + age + ", createdTime=" + createdTime
				+ ", birth=" + birth + "]";
	}

}

5.测试main类：

package com.zl.jpa.main;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

public class Main {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		//1. 创建 EntitymanagerFactory
		String persistenceUnitName = "jpa-1";
		
		Map<String, Object> properites = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		properites.put("hibernate.show_sql", true);
		
		EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory = 
				//Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(persistenceUnitName);
				Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(persistenceUnitName, properites);
				
		//2. 创建 EntityManager. 类似于 Hibernate 的 SessionFactory
		EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
		
		//3. 开启事务
		EntityTransaction transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
		transaction.begin();
		
		//4. 进行持久化操作
		Customer customer = new Customer();
		customer.setAge(12);
		customer.setEmail("tom@atguigu.com");
		customer.setLastName("Tom");
		customer.setBirth(new Date());
		customer.setCreatedTime(new Date());
		
		entityManager.persist(customer);
		
		//5. 提交事务
		transaction.commit();
		
		//6. 关闭 EntityManager
		entityManager.close();
		
		//7. 关闭 EntityManagerFactory
		entityManagerFactory.close();
	}
	
}

这里是使用了事务保存。

=============================API==================================

1.查找

//类似于 hibernate 中 Session 的 get 方法. 
	@Test
	public void testFind() {
		Customer customer = entityManager.find(Customer.class, 1);
		System.out.println("----------------到数据库中把全部查出来---------------------");
		
		System.out.println(customer);
	}

懒加载：

//类似于 hibernate 中 Session 的 load 方法
	@Test
	public void testGetReference(){
		Customer customer = entityManager.getReference(Customer.class, 1);
		System.out.println(customer.getClass().getName());
		
		System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
//		transaction.commit();
//		entityManager.close();
		
		System.out.println(customer);
	}

2.保存：

//类似于 hibernate 的 save 方法. 使对象由临时状态变为持久化状态. 
//和 hibernate 的 save 方法的不同之处: 若对象有 id, 则不能执行 insert 操作, 而会抛出异常.

@Test
	public void testPersistence(){
		Customer customer = new Customer();
		customer.setAge(15);
		customer.setBirth(new Date());
		customer.setCreatedTime(new Date());
		customer.setEmail("bb@163.com");
		customer.setLastName("BB");
		customer.setId(100);
		
		entityManager.persist(customer);
		System.out.println(customer.getId());
	}

3.删除：

//类似于 hibernate 中 Session 的 delete 方法. 把对象对应的记录从数据库中移除
	//但注意: 该方法只能移除 持久化 对象. 而 hibernate 的 delete 方法实际上还可以移除 游离对象.
	@Test
	public void testRemove(){
//		Customer customer = new Customer();
//		customer.setId(2);
		
		Customer customer = entityManager.find(Customer.class, 2);
		entityManager.remove(customer);
	}