在开发中大多数会涉及到用户密码验证 当前验证比较多的是短信验证码和邮箱验证码 今天我们一起来实现如何使用java来发送邮件
在开发之前 我们要去一个地方去开通服务。打开QQ邮箱-——>设置——>账户——>一直下滑找到——POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务——>开通以下所有服务记住POP3/SMTP服务的随机码;
记住POP3/SMTP的随机码之后我们就开始开发;
创建类
import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Properties; import javax.activation.DataHandler; import javax.activation.DataSource; import javax.activation.FileDataSource; import javax.mail.Address; import javax.mail.Authenticator; import javax.mail.BodyPart; import javax.mail.Message; import javax.mail.MessagingException; import javax.mail.Multipart; import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication; import javax.mail.Session; import javax.mail.Transport; import javax.mail.internet.AddressException; import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress; import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart; import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility; /** * Created by lenovo on 2016/9/9. * 邮箱类 */ public class SendMail extends Authenticator{ private String username = null; private String password = null; private Authenticator auth = null; private MimeMessage mimeMessage =null; private Properties pros = null; private Multipart multipart = null; private BodyPart bodypart= null; /** * 初始化账号密码并验证 * 创建MimeMessage对象 * 发送邮件必须的步骤:1 * @param username * @param password */ public SendMail(String username,String password){ this.username = username; this.password = password; } /** * 初始化MimeMessage对象 * 发送邮件必须的步骤:3 */ public void initMessage(){ this.auth = new Email_Autherticator(); Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(pros,auth); session.setDebug(true); //设置获取 debug 信息 mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session); } /** * 设置email系统参数 * 接收一个map集合key为string类型,值为String * 发送邮件必须的步骤:2 * @param map */ public void setPros(Map<String,String> map){ pros = new Properties(); for(Map.Entry<String,String> entry:map.entrySet()){ pros.setProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } } /** * 验证账号密码 * 发送邮件必须的步骤 * @author Administrator * */ public class Email_Autherticator extends Authenticator { public PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { return new PasswordAuthentication(username, password); } } /** * 设置发送邮件的基本参数(去除繁琐的邮件设置) * @param sub 设置邮件主题 * @param text 设置邮件文本内容 * @param rec 设置邮件接收人 * @throws MessagingException * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException */ public void setDefaultMessagePros(String sub,String text,String rec) throws MessagingException, UnsupportedEncodingException{ mimeMessage.setSubject(sub); mimeMessage.setText(text); mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(rec)); mimeMessage.setSentDate(new Date()); mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress(username,username)); } /** * 设置主题 * @param subject * @throws MessagingException */ public void setSubject(String subject) throws MessagingException{ mimeMessage.setSubject(subject); } /** * 设置日期 * @param date * @throws MessagingException */ public void setDate(Date date) throws MessagingException{ mimeMessage.setSentDate(new Date()); } /** * 设置邮件文本内容 * @param text * @throws MessagingException */ public void setText(String text) throws MessagingException{ mimeMessage.setText(text); } /** * 设置邮件头部 * @param arg0 * @param arg1 * @throws MessagingException */ public void setHeader(String arg0,String arg1) throws MessagingException{ mimeMessage.setHeader(arg0, arg1); } /** * 设置邮件接收人地址 <单人发送> * @param recipient * @throws MessagingException */ public void setRecipient(String recipient) throws MessagingException{ mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(recipient)); } /** * 设置邮件发送人的名字 * @param from * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException * @throws MessagingException */ public void setFrom(String from) throws UnsupportedEncodingException, MessagingException{ mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress(username,from)); } /** * 发送邮件<单人发送> * return 是否发送成功 * @throws MessagingException */ public String sendMessage() throws MessagingException{ Transport.send(mimeMessage); return "success"; } /** * 设置附件 * @param file 发送文件的路径 */ public void setMultipart(String file) throws MessagingException, IOException{ if(multipart==null){ multipart = new MimeMultipart(); } multipart.addBodyPart(writeFiles(file)); mimeMessage.setContent(multipart); } /** * 设置附件<添加多附件> * @param fileList<接收List集合> * @throws MessagingException * @throws IOException */ public void setMultiparts(List<String> fileList) throws MessagingException, IOException{ if(multipart==null){ multipart = new MimeMultipart(); } for(String s:fileList){ multipart.addBodyPart(writeFiles(s)); } mimeMessage.setContent(multipart); } /** * 发送文本内容,设置编码方式 * <方法与发送附件配套使用> * <发送普通的文本内容请使用setText()方法> * @param s * @param type * @throws MessagingException */ public void setContent(String s,String type) throws MessagingException{ if(multipart==null){ multipart = new MimeMultipart(); } bodypart = new MimeBodyPart(); bodypart.setContent(s, type); multipart.addBodyPart(bodypart); mimeMessage.setContent(multipart); mimeMessage.saveChanges(); } /** * 读取附件 * @param filePath * @return * @throws IOException * @throws MessagingException */ public BodyPart writeFiles(String filePath)throws IOException, MessagingException{ File file = new File(filePath); if(!file.exists()){ throw new IOException("文件不存在!请确定文件路径是否正确"); } bodypart = new MimeBodyPart(); DataSource dataSource = new FileDataSource(file); bodypart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(dataSource)); //文件名要加入编码,不然出现乱码 bodypart.setFileName(MimeUtility.encodeText(file.getName())); return bodypart; }
创建测试类
POP3/SMTP服务 (
如何使用 Foxmail 等软件收发邮件?)
import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import javax.mail.MessagingException; /** * Created by lenovo on 2016/9/9. * 邮件发送 */ public class Test_Email { public static void main(String[] args) throws MessagingException, IOException { Map<String,String> map= new HashMap<String,String>(); SendMail mail = new SendMail("你的账户@qq.com","你的随机码"); map.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.qq.com"); map.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); map.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory"); map.put("mail.smtp.port", "465"); map.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465"); mail.setPros(map); mail.initMessage(); List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(); list.add("需要发送的账户@qq.com"); mail.setRecipients(list); mail.setSubject("邮箱测试(请勿答复此邮件)"); mail.setDate(new Date()); mail.setFrom("发送邮件"); mail.setContent("恭喜你测试成功", "text/html; charset=UTF-8"); System.out.println(mail.sendMessage()); } }
所需要的maven依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>javax.mail</groupId> <artifactId>mail</artifactId> <version>1.5.0-b01</version> </dependency>
POP3/SMTP服务 (
如何使用 Foxmail 等软件收发邮件?)