案例
public class NormalBean {
public interface IService{}
public static class ServiceA implements IService{}
public static class ServiceB implements IService{}
}
bean xml配置:
<bean id="serviceA" class="com.spring.beanPrimary.NormalBean$ServiceA"/>
<bean id="serviceB" class="com.spring.beanPrimary.NormalBean$ServiceB"/>
测试:
@Test
public void beanPrimary() {
String path = "classpath:/bean/beansPrimary.xml";
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(path);
NormalBean.IService bean = context.getBean(NormalBean.IService.class);
System.out.println(bean);
}
输出:
...
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.spring.beanPrimary.NormalBean$IService' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: serviceA,serviceB
...
spring容器中定义了2个bean,分别是serviceA和serviceB,这两个bean对象都实现了IService接口,而用例中我们想从容器中获取IService接口对应的bean,此时容器中有2个候选者(serviceA和serviceB)满足我们的需求,此时spring容器不知道如何选择
下面我们使用primary来解决上面案例的问题:
直接修改xml配置:
<bean id="serviceA" class="com.spring.beanPrimary.NormalBean$ServiceA" primary="true"/>
<bean id="serviceB" class="com.spring.beanPrimary.NormalBean$ServiceB"/>
运行看结果:
com.spring.beanPrimary.NormalBean$ServiceA@449a4f23
当从容器中查找一个bean的时候,如果容器中出现多个Bean候选者时,可以通过primary="true"将当前bean置为首选者,那么查找的时候就会返回主要的候选者,否则将抛出异常。