文章目录
第四章、基于Java Config配置IoC容器及Spring Test测试模块
一、基于Java Config配置IoC容器
1、基于Java Config的优势
完全摆脱XML的束缚,使用独立Java类管理对象与依赖。
注解配置相对分散,利用Java Config可对配置集中管理。
可以在编译时进行依赖检查,不容易出错。
2、Java Config核心注解
打开IDEA创建新的maven工程,在pom.xml引入Spring依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.ql.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>ioc_java_config</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>aliyun</id>
<name>aliyun</name>
<url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
在com.ql.spring.ioc.dao包下创建UserDao类
package com.ql.spring.ioc.dao;
public class UserDao {
}
在com.ql.spring.ioc.service包下创建UserService类
package com.ql.spring.ioc.service;
import com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.UserDao;
public class UserService {
private UserDao userDao;
public UserDao getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
}
在com.ql.spring.ioc.controller包下创建UserController类
package com.ql.spring.ioc.controller;
import com.ql.spring.ioc.service.UserService;
public class UserController {
private UserService userService;
public UserService getUserService() {
return userService;
}
public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
}
在com.ql.spring.ioc包下创建Java Config配置文件Config类
package com.ql.spring.ioc;
import com.ql.spring.ioc.controller.UserController;
import com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.UserDao;
import com.ql.spring.ioc.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration//当前类是一个配置类,用于替代applicationContext.xml
public class Config {
@Bean//Java Config利用方法创建对象,将方法返回对象放入容器,beanId = 方法名
public UserDao userDao(){
UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
return userDao;
}
@Bean
public UserService userService(){
UserService userService = new UserService();
return userService;
}
@Bean//<bean id="xxx" class="xxx">
public UserController userController(){
UserController userController = new UserController();
return userController;
}
}
在com.ql.spring.ioc包下创建入口类SpringApplication并运行
package com.ql.spring.ioc;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class SpringApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//基于Java Config配置IoC容器的初始化
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Config.class);
String[] ids = context.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for(String id: ids){
System.out.println(id+":"+context.getBean(id));
}
}
}
/*
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor@f0f2775
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor@5a4aa2f2
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor@6591f517
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor:org.springframework.context.event.EventListenerMethodProcessor@345965f2
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory:org.springframework.context.event.DefaultEventListenerFactory@429bd883
config:com.ql.spring.ioc.Config$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$56178750@4d49af10
userDao:com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.UserDao@279ad2e3
userService:com.ql.spring.ioc.service.UserService@58134517
userController:com.ql.spring.ioc.controller.UserController@4450d156
*/
下面再看看Java Config其他配置:
在com.ql.spring.ioc.dao包下创建EmployeeDao类
package com.ql.spring.ioc.dao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class EmployeeDao {
}
然后修改UserService
package com.ql.spring.ioc.service;
import com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.EmployeeDao;
import com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.UserDao;
public class UserService {
private UserDao userDao;
private EmployeeDao employeeDao;
public UserDao getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
public EmployeeDao getEmployeeDao() {
return employeeDao;
}
public void setEmployeeDao(EmployeeDao employeeDao) {
this.employeeDao = employeeDao;
}
}
修改Config类
package com.ql.spring.ioc;
import com.ql.spring.ioc.controller.UserController;
import com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.EmployeeDao;
import com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.UserDao;
import com.ql.spring.ioc.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;
@Configuration//当前类是一个配置类,用于替代applicationContext.xml
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.ql")//兼容注解配置,相当于XML的 context:component-scan
public class Config {
@Bean//Java Config利用方法创建对象,将方法返回对象放入容器,beanId = 方法名
public UserDao userDao(){
UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
System.out.println("已创建"+userDao);
return userDao;
}
@Bean//Java Config利用方法创建对象,将方法返回对象放入容器,beanId = 方法名
@Primary
public UserDao userDao1(){
UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
System.out.println("已创建"+userDao);
return userDao;
}
@Bean
//先按name尝试注入,name不存在则按类型注入
public UserService userService(UserDao udao, EmployeeDao employeeDao){
UserService userService = new UserService();
System.out.println("已创建"+userService);
userService.setUserDao(udao);
System.out.println("调用setUserDao:"+udao);
userService.setEmployeeDao(employeeDao);
return userService;
}
@Bean//<bean id="xxx" class="xxx">
@Scope("prototype")
public UserController userController(UserService userService){
UserController userController = new UserController();
System.out.println("已创建"+userController);
userController.setUserService(userService);
System.out.println("调用setUserService:"+userService);
return userController;
}
}
修改入口类SpringApplication并运行
package com.ql.spring.ioc;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class SpringApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//基于Java Config配置IoC容器的初始化
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Config.class);
System.out.println("========================");
String[] ids = context.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for(String id: ids){
System.out.println(id+":"+context.getBean(id));
}
}
}
/*
已创建com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.UserDao@29ba4338
已创建com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.UserDao@7bb58ca3
已创建com.ql.spring.ioc.service.UserService@36f0f1be
调用setUserDao:com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.UserDao@7bb58ca3
========================
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor@e50a6f6
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor@14ec4505
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor@53ca01a2
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor:org.springframework.context.event.EventListenerMethodProcessor@358c99f5
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory:org.springframework.context.event.DefaultEventListenerFactory@3ee0fea4
config:com.ql.spring.ioc.Config$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$93bfe412@48524010
employeeDao:com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.EmployeeDao@4b168fa9
userDao:com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.UserDao@29ba4338
userDao1:com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.UserDao@7bb58ca3
userService:com.ql.spring.ioc.service.UserService@36f0f1be
已创建com.ql.spring.ioc.controller.UserController@55a561cf
调用setUserService:com.ql.spring.ioc.service.UserService@36f0f1be
userController:com.ql.spring.ioc.controller.UserController@55a561cf
*/
从运行结果看出:UserController 配置为多例模式,没有随着IcC初始化。EmployeeDao用注解配置成功,并成功注入到UserService类。
二、Spring Test测试模块
Spring Test是Spring中用于测试的模块。
Spring Test对JUnit单元测试框架有良好的整合。
通过Spring Test可在JUnit在单元测试时自动初始化IoC容器。
1、Spring与JUnit4整合过程
Maven工程依赖spring-test
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
修改UserDao和UserService类
package com.ql.spring.ioc.dao;
public class UserDao {
public void insert(){
System.out.println("新增用户数据");
}
}
package com.ql.spring.ioc.service;
import com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.EmployeeDao;
import com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.UserDao;
public class UserService {
private UserDao userDao;
private EmployeeDao employeeDao;
public void createUser(){
System.out.println("调用创建用户业务代码");
userDao.insert();
}
public UserDao getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
public EmployeeDao getEmployeeDao() {
return employeeDao;
}
public void setEmployeeDao(EmployeeDao employeeDao) {
this.employeeDao = employeeDao;
}
}
利用@RunWith
与@ContextConfiguration
描述测试用例类。
测试用例类从容器获取对象完成测试用例的执行。
import com.ql.spring.ioc.Config;
import com.ql.spring.ioc.service.UserService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
//将Junit4的执行权交由Spring Test,在测试用例执行前自动初始化IoC容器
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})
@ContextConfiguration(classes = Config.class)
public class SpringTestor {
@Resource
private UserService userService;
@Test
public void testUserService(){
userService.createUser();
}
}
/*
已创建com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.UserDao@4cc451f2
已创建com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.UserDao@294425a7
已创建com.ql.spring.ioc.service.UserService@595b007d
调用setUserDao:com.ql.spring.ioc.dao.UserDao@294425a7
调用创建用户业务代码
新增用户数据
*/