CentOS7、CentOS6添加永久静态路由

CentOS7、CentOS6添加永久静态路由

本人在实际工作中经常需要添加永久静态路由，故整理此文。我这里只列举最快捷有效的添加方法，其他方法大家可自行查找，本文不再赘述。

假设我这台机器有三块儿网卡，ip192.168.102.30配置在网卡eth0上，掩码是255.255.255.0，网关是192.168.102.1，需要与192.168.100.0段内所有服务器通信，以下是路由设置方法。

1. CentOS7添加永久静态路由方法

输入ip route show | column -t查看当前路由表：

[root@test ~]# ip route show | column -t
192.168.102.0/24	dev	 eth0	proto	kernel	scope	link	src	  192.168.102.107	metric	100
[root@test ~]# 

输入命令ip addr查看所需经过的网卡的名称：

[root@test ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
	link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
	inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
		valid_Ift forever preferred_Ift forever
	inet6 ::1/128 scop host
		valid_Ift forever prefeered_Ift forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
	link/ether 00:13:dd:a2:08:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
	inet 192.168.102.30/24 brd 192.168.102.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
		valid_Ift forever preferred_Ift forever
	inet6 ed20::21c:5dff:fe64:3000/64 scop link
		valid_Ift forever prefeered_Ift forever
3: eth1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN group default qlen 1000
	link/ether 00:13:dd:a2:08:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: eth2: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN group default qlen 1000
	link/ether 00:13:dd:a2:08:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@test ~]# 

从以上回显中可以得知所需经过的网卡名为eth0，然后我们用vi编辑器在以下路径创建文件route-eth0并编辑：

[root@test ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0

在route-eth0文件中添加以下行：192.168.100.0/24 via 192.168.102.1 dev eth0
其中，192.168.100.0/24是目标网段及掩码，192.168.102.10是网关，dev eth0是途径设备。

192.168.100.0/24 via 192.168.102.1 dev eth0
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0" 3L, 89C

添加完成后按Esc退出编辑，输入“:wq”，敲击回车保存并退出：

192.168.100.0/24 via 192.168.102.1 dev eth0
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
:wq

随后输入service network restart重启网络服务：

[root@test ~]# service network restart
Restarting network (via systemctl):						[  ok  ]
[root@test ~]# 

ping一下目标网段的机器，看看通不通，按Ctrl+C中断：

[root@test ~]# ping 192.168.100.226
PING 192.168.100.226 (192.168.100.226) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.100.226: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.33 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.226: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.34 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.226: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.56 ms
^C
--- 192.168.100.226 ping statistics ---
3packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.339/1.417/1.565/0.104 ms
[root@test ~]# 

输入ip route show | column -t查看路由表中是否有刚才添加的路由：

[root@test ~]# ip route show | column -t
192.168.100.0/24	via	  192.168.102.1	dev		eth0	proto	static	metric	100
192.168.102.0/24	dev	  eth0				proto	kernel	scope	link	src		192.168.102.30	metric	100
[root@test ~]# 

至此，CentOS7操作系统下永久静态路由设置完成。

2. CentOS6添加永久静态路由方法

CentOS6要比CentOS7简单粗暴的多。

输入route -n查看当前路由表：

[root@test2 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination	Gateway			Genmask			Flags	Metric	Ref	Use	Iface
0.0.0.0			192.168.102.1	255.255.255.0	UG		0		0	0	eth0
[root@test2 ~]# 

输入命令ifconfig查看所需经过的网卡的名称：

[root@test2 ~]# ifconfig
eth0		Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:13:DD:A2:08:00
		inet addr:192.168.102.30  Bcast:192.168.102.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
		inet6 addr: ed20::21c:5dff:fe64::3000/64 Scope:Global
		inet6 addr: fe80::215:5d66::1100/64 Scope:Link
		UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
		RX packets:32609036 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
		TX packets:83149 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
		collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
		RX bytes:3808450527 (3.5 GiB)  TX bytes:5266402 (5.0 MiB)

lo		Link encap:Local Loopback
		inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
		inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
		UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
		RX packets:346915 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
		TX packets:346915 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
		collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
		RX bytes:24878697 (23.7 MiB)  TX bytes:24878697 (23.7 MiB)
			
[root@test2 ~]# 

从以上回显中可以得知所需经过的网卡名为eth0，然后我们用vi编辑器在以下路径创建文件static-routes并编辑：

[root@test2 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/static-routes

在static-routes文件中添加以下行：any net 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.102.1
其中，192.168.100.0是目标网段，netmask是子网掩码，192.168.102.1是途径网关。

any net 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.102.1
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"/etc/sysconfig/static-routes" 3L, 189C

添加完成后按Esc退出编辑，输入“:wq”，敲击回车保存并退出：

192.168.100.0/24 via 192.168.102.1 dev eth0
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
:wq

随后输入service network restart重启网络服务：

[root@test2 ~]# service network restart
Shutting down interface eth0:							[  ok  ]
Shutting down loopback interface:						[  ok  ]
Bringing up loopback interface:						[  ok  ]
Shutting down interface eth0:  Determining if ip address 192.168.102.30 is already in use for device eth0...
														[  ok  ]
[root@test2 ~]# 

ping一下目标网段的机器，看看通不通，按Ctrl+C中断：

[root@test2 ~]# ping 192.168.100.226
PING 192.168.100.226 (192.168.100.226) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.100.226: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.81 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.226: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.24 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.226: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.89 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.226: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.21 ms
^C
--- 192.168.100.226 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3272ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.213/1.542/1.897/0.318 ms
[root@test2 ~]# 

输入route -n查看路由表，看看刚才添加的路由是否存在：

[root@test2 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination	Gateway			Genmask			Flags	Metric	Ref	Use	Iface
192.168.100.0	192.168.102.1	255.255.255.0	UG		0		0	0	eth0
0.0.0.0			192.168.102.1	255.255.255.0	UG		0		0	0	eth0
[root@test2 ~]# 

至此，CentOS6操作系统下永久静态路由设置完成。

本文到此结束。