310. Minimum Height Trees(最小高度树)
题目链接
https://leetcode.com/problems/minimum-height-trees/description/
题目描述
For a undirected graph with tree characteristics, we can choose any node as the root. The result graph is then a rooted tree. Among all possible rooted trees, those with minimum height are called minimum height trees (MHTs). Given such a graph, write a function to find all the MHTs and return a list of their root labels.
Format
The graph containsn
nodes which are labeled from0
ton - 1
. You will be given the numbern
and a list of undirectededges
(each edge is a pair of labels).You can assume that no duplicate edges will appear in
edges
. Since all edges are undirected,[0, 1]
is the same as[1, 0]
and thus will not appear together inedges
.Example1:
Givenn = 4
,edges = [[1, 0], [1, 2], [1, 3]
0 | 1 / \ 2 3return
[1]
Example2:
Givenn = 6
,edges = [[0, 3], [1, 3], [2, 3], [4, 3], [5, 4]]
0 1 2 \ | / 3 | 4 | 5return
[3,4]
Note:
(1) According to the definition of tree on Wikipedia: “a tree is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by exactly one path. In other words, any connected graph without simple cycles is a tree.”(2) The height of a rooted tree is the number of edges on the longest downward path between the root and a leaf.
题目分析
这道题要求树具有最小高度,考虑什么情况下树的高度最小。经过分析可以发现:当以图中的最长链的中点作为树的根时,这颗树的高度最小。那么接下来的问题就是如何找到最长链的中点。
假设我们已经找到这样的一颗树,它的高度最小。不断地删除它的叶子节点(度为1
)那么最后剩下的1或2(最长链长度为偶数时)个节点就是所求答案。
方法:DFS
算法描述
- 以某种方式储存图,同时记录每个节点的度
- 删除度为
1
的节点,并把与之相连的节点度数减1
- 重复步骤
2
直到剩下1
或2
个节点
参考代码
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> findMinHeightTrees(int n, vector<pair<int, int>>& edges) {
map<int, set<int> > graph;
graph.insert(make_pair(0, set<int>()));
for (auto e : edges) {
if (graph.find(e.first) == graph.end())
graph.insert(make_pair(e.first, set<int>()));
graph[e.first].insert(e.second);
if (graph.find(e.second) == graph.end())
graph.insert(make_pair(e.second, set<int>()));
graph[e.second].insert(e.first);
}
queue<int> leaves, newLeaves;
for (auto node : graph)
if (node.second.size() == 1)
leaves.push(node.first);
while (graph.size() > 2 || (graph.size() == 2 && leaves.size() != 2)) {
int leaf = leaves.front();
leaves.pop();
int neighbor = *(graph[leaf].begin());
graph[neighbor].erase(leaf);
if (graph[neighbor].size() == 1)
newLeaves.push(neighbor);
graph.erase(leaf);
if (leaves.empty()) {
leaves = newLeaves;
newLeaves = queue<int>();
}
}
vector<int> ans;
for (auto node : graph) {
ans.push_back(node.first);
}
return ans;
}
};