Java基础知识：继承（1）

设置一个Employee类：

import java.time.*;

public class Employee{
    private String name;
    private double salary;
    private LocalDate hireDay;

    public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day){
        this.name = name;
        this.salary = salary;
        this.hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
    }

    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }

    public double getSalary(){
        return salary;
    }

    public LocalDate getHireDay(){
        return hireDay;
    }

    public void raiseSalary(int bypercent){
        double raise = salary * bypercent / 100;
        salary += raise;
    }
}

再从Employee中挑选Manager，故Manager继承Employee：

public class Manager extends Employee{
    private double bonus;
    /**
    * name
    * salary
    * hire year
    * hire month
    * hire day
    */
    public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day){
        super(name, salary, year, month, day);
        bonus = 0;
    }

    public void setBonus(double bonus){
        this.bonus = bonus;
    }

    public double getSalary(){
        double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
        return baseSalary + bonus;
    }
}

如果在Test程序中输入

Manager boss = (Manager) staff[1];

运行这个程序时，Java运行时系统会报错，产生一个ClassCastException异常。
Test代码：

public class ManagerTest{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
        boss.setBonus(5000);
        Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];
        staff[0] = boss;
        staff[1] = new Employee("Harry", 35.0, 2007, 7, 4);
        staff[2] = new Employee("Renyaoyao", 30.0, 2017, 12, 3);
        //Manager boss1 = (Manager)staff[1];
        //boss1.setBonus(5000);
        if (boss instanceof Employee){
            System.out.println("1");
        }
        else{
            System.out.println("0");
        }
    }
} 

显然，Manager的一个实例boss也是其父类Employee的一个实例。