编写原因
时间：2020/2/29，没错，就是四年唯一的一天，疫情还没结束，决定对linux最新的内核linux-5.5.6源码进行分析
排版与编写格式
在代码块里的都是linux-5.5.6源码 并且都是按照顺序执行的，带注释的也是源码的注释 经过翻译过来的
版本号
VERSION = 5 //主版本号
PATCHLEVEL = 5 //主版本号小数
SUBLEVEL = 6 //次版本号
EXTRAVERSION = //扩展版本号，类似与-rc6
NAME = Kleptomaniac Octopus
版本是5.5.6 所，在Linux 5.4-rc5中，Torvalds将内核代码名从正在筑巢的负鼠（ Nesting Opossum）变成了现在的盗窃狂章鱼（ Kleptomaniac Octopus）
注释
＃*文件*
＃要查看典型目标的列表，请执行“make help”
＃更多信息可以在./README中找到
＃此文件中的注释仅针对开发人员，不针对
＃希望学习如何构建读取此文件的内核。
＃这是我们的默认目标，当命令行中没有给出时
可以用make help指令，README没什么，可以利用链接：https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/分析
PHONY := _all
_all:
就是默认 make =make _all
注释
＃我们使用的是递归构建，因此我们需要做一些思考
＃获得正确的订购。
＃
＃最重要的是：子Makefile只能修改以下文件中的文件
＃自己的目录。 如果在某些目录中，我们依赖
＃另一个目录中的文件（通常不会发生，但是经常
＃链接内建目标时不可避免
＃变成vmlinux），我们将在另一个目录中调用sub make，然后
＃之后，我们确定该其他目录中的所有内容
＃现在是最新的。
＃
＃唯一需要修改具有全局
因此＃个效果被分离出来并在递归之前完成
＃开始下降。 它们现在明确列为
＃准备规则。
ifneq ($(sub_make_done),1)
ifneq是比较两个参数是否相同。此句代表判断$(sub_make_done)变量是否1，如果是的话，则继续往下执行
MAKEFLAGS
make 是支持递归调用的，也就是在 Makefile 中使用“make”命令来执行其他的 Makefile
文件，一般都是子目录中的 Makefile 文件。假如在当前目录下存在一个“subdir”子目录，这个
子目录中又有其对应的 Makefile 文件，那么这个工程在编译的时候其主目录中的 Makefile 就可
以调用子目录中的 Makefile，以此来完成所有子目录的编译。
注释
＃不要使用make的内置规则和变量
＃（这可以提高性能并避免难以调试的行为）
MAKEFLAGS += -rR
+= 是添加等号后面的值
诸如‘-s’和‘-k’标志通过变量MAKEFLAGS自动传递给子make
export和unexport
注释
＃避免有趣的字符集依赖
unexport LC_ALL
LC_COLLATE=C
LC_NUMERIC=C
export LC_COLLATE LC_NUMERIC
export:向子make通讯变量，通过显式的需求，顶级make的变量可以被传递给子make，但是不会覆盖子make的值，除非你使用了 -e选项，如果你想防止一个变量被导出，使用unexport 指令
防止LC_ALL被引用，提供子make LC_COLLATE LC_NUMERIC，=是最基本的赋值 LC_COLLATE=C ，LC_NUMERIC=C
注释
＃避免干扰shell的环境设置
unexport GREP_OPTIONS
输出方式log
默认编译是不会在终端中显示完整的命令，都是短命令
在终端中输出短命令虽然看起来很清爽，但是不利于分析linux kernel 的编译过程。可以通过设
置变量“V=1“来实现完整的命令输出，这个在调试 linux kernel 的时候很有用
注释
＃美化输出
＃------------------------------------------------- --------------------------
＃
＃通常，我们在执行命令之前先回显整个命令。通过制造
＃回显$（$（quiet）$（cmd）），我们现在可以设置
＃$ {quiet）改为选择其他形式的输出，例如
＃
＃quiet_cmd_cc_o_c =编译$（RELDIR）/ $ @
＃cmd_cc_o_c = $（CC）$（c_flags）-c -o $ @ $ <
＃
＃如果$ {quiet）为空，则将打印整个命令。
＃如果设置为“ quiet_”，则仅打印简短版本。
＃如果将其设置为“ silent_”，则将不会打印任何内容，因为
＃变量$（silent_cmd_cc_o_c）不存在。
＃
＃一个简单的变体是在命令前面加上$（Q）-这很有用
＃用于在非详细模式下隐藏的命令。
＃
＃$（Q）ln $ @：<
＃
＃如果KBUILD_VERBOSE等于0，则上面的命令将被隐藏。
＃如果KBUILD_VERBOSE等于1，则显示以上命令。
＃
＃为了更专注于警告，默认情况下应避免冗长
＃使用'make V=1'查看完整命令
ifeq ("$(origin V)", "command line")
KBUILD_VERBOSE = $(V)
endif
ifndef KBUILD_VERBOSE
KBUILD_VERBOSE = 0
endif
ifeq ($(KBUILD_VERBOSE),1)
quiet =
Q =
else
quiet=quiet_
Q = @
endif
@的作用是防止回显，所以当V=1时 就是回显，当V=0时 取消回显
如果 V=0 的话上述命令展开就是“@ make”，make 在执行的时候默认会在终端输出命令，但是在命令前面加上“@”就不会在终端输出命令了。当 V=1 的时候 Q 就为空，因此在 make 执行的过程，命令会被完整的输出在终端上。
origin 函数的作用是告诉你变量是哪里来的，其出生状况如何，他并不改变变量。其语法是：
$(origin )
如果V 变量来自命令行，把V赋值给 KBUILD_VERBOSE
如果没定义KBUILD_VERBOSE，KBUILD_VERBOSE赋值为0，如果KBUILD_VERBOSE是1则quiet为空，Q为空，这句话整体看是不明白的，但是上面特意注释了讲解的很清楚，请看：＃如果$ {quiet）为空，则将打印整个命令。如果设置为“ quiet_”，则仅打印简短版本。也就代表着如果发送“make V=1”时，将打印更多的编译信息，也就是所谓的详细模式。
注释
如果用户正在运行make -s（silent 模式），请禁止回显个命令
ifneq ($(findstring s,$(filter-out --%,$(MAKEFLAGS))),)
quiet=silent_
endif
%：通配符，我的理解就是代替同类型文件
filter：过滤函数，过滤变量中所有的字符串
filter-out：用来去除一个变量中的某些字符串
findstring：在字符串中查找字符
此句表示如果 ( f i l t e r − o u t − − (filter-out --%, (filter−out−−(MAKEFLAGS))中的字符串查找到-s，quiet=silent_
export quiet Q KBUILD_VERBOSE
Makefile 中会用到变量 quiet 和 Q 来控制编译的时候是否在终端输出完整的命令，在顶层，Makefile 中有很多如下所示的命令：
如果变量 quiet 为空的话，整个命令都会输出。
如果变量 quiet 为“quiet_”的话，仅输出短版本。
如果变量 quiet 为“silent_”的话，整个命令都不会输出。
给子make 提供变量
注释
＃Kbuild将输出文件保存在当前工作目录中。
＃不需要与内核源代码树的根匹配。
＃
＃例如，您可以执行以下操作：
＃
＃cd / dir / to / store / output / files; 使-f / dir / to / kernel / source / Makefile
＃
＃如果要将输出文件保存在其他位置，则有
＃两种语法来指定它。
＃
＃1）O =
＃使用“ make O = dir / to / store / output / files /”
＃
＃2）设置KBUILD_OUTPUT
＃设置环境变量KBUILD_OUTPUT指向输出目录。
＃导出KBUILD_OUTPUT = dir / to / store / output / files /; 使
＃
＃O =分配优先于KBUILD_OUTPUT环境
＃变量。
＃我们是否要更改工作目录？
ifeq ("$(origin O)", "command line")
KBUILD_OUTPUT := $(O)
endif
结合上面 注释 写的很清楚了，如果使用O= 则把O= 后面的赋值给KBUILD_OUTPUT变量
ifneq ($(KBUILD_OUTPUT),)
＃Make的内置函数（例如$ {abspath ...），$ {realpath ...）
＃扩展shell特殊字符'〜'。 我们在这里使用了一些乏味的方法。
abs_objtree := $(shell mkdir -p $(KBUILD_OUTPUT) && cd $(KBUILD_OUTPUT) && pwd)
$(if $(abs_objtree),, \
$(error failed to create output directory "$(KBUILD_OUTPUT)"))
# $(realpath ...) resolves symlinks
abs_objtree := $(realpath $(abs_objtree))
else
abs_objtree := $(CURDIR)
endif # ifneq ($(KBUILD_OUTPUT),)
如果有KBUILD_OUTPUT变量，也就是命令行 用了O=
abs_objtree= 当前地址 也就是O=的地址
realpath：真实路径，没有./及…/这些
如果没有KBUILD_OUTPUT变量，abs_objtree=当前路径
ifeq ($(abs_objtree),$(CURDIR))
＃除非我们要更改工作目录，否则不要输入“正在进入目录...”。
MAKEFLAGS += --no-print-directory
else
need-sub-make := 1
endif
如果abs_objtree是当前路径 MAKEFLAGS后面±-no-print-directory
否则 need-sub-make为1
“:=”表示变量的值决定于它在makefile中的位置，而不是整个makefile展开后的最终值
abs_srctree := $(realpath $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))))
ifneq ($(words $(subst :, ,$(abs_srctree))), 1)
$(error source directory cannot contain spaces or colons)
endif
$(MAKEFILE_LIST)：make所需要处理的makefile文件列表，当前makefile的文件名总是位于列表的最后，文件名之间以空格进行分隔
$(subst ;,;, < text>;)
名称：字符串替换函数——subst。
功能：把字串
返回：函数返回被替换过后的字符串
ifneq ($(abs_srctree),$(abs_objtree))
＃查找相对于内核src根目录的make include文件
＃
＃这不会立即生效，因为重新解析了MAKEFLAGS
＃读取Makefile之后一次。 我们需要调用sub-make。
MAKEFLAGS += --include-dir=$(abs_srctree)
need-sub-make := 1
endif
ifneq ($(filter 3.%,$(MAKE_VERSION)),)
＃'MAKEFLAGS + = -rR'不会立即对GNU Make 3.x生效
＃我们需要调用子make来避免顶层Makefile中的隐式规则。
need-sub-make := 1
＃取消此Makefile的隐式规则。
$(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)): ;
endif
export abs_srctree abs_objtree
export sub_make_done := 1
ifeq ($(need-sub-make),1)
PHONY += $(MAKECMDGOALS) sub-make
$(filter-out _all sub-make $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)), $(MAKECMDGOALS)) _all: sub-make
@:
＃在输出目录中调用第二个make，并传递相关变量
sub-make:
$(Q)$(MAKE) -C $(abs_objtree) -f $(abs_srctree)/Makefile $(MAKECMDGOALS)
endif # need-sub-make
endif # sub_make_done
“MAKECMDGOALS”：命令行参数指定的终极目标列表
＃如果这是对make的最终调用，我们将处理Makefile的其余部分
ifeq ($(need-sub-make),)
＃不要打印“正在进入目录...”，
＃，但是我们想在进入输出目录时显示它
＃，以便IDE /编辑器能够理解相对文件名。
MAKEFLAGS += --no-print-directory
＃调用源代码检查器（默认情况下为“稀疏”）作为
＃C编译。
＃
＃使用'make C = 1'启用仅检查重新编译的文件。
＃使用'make C = 2'启用*全部*源文件检查，无论
是否重新编译的数量。
＃
＃有关更多详细信息，请参见文件“ Documentation / dev-tools / sparse.rst”，
＃包括从何处获得“稀疏”实用程序。
ifeq ("$(origin C)", "command line")
KBUILD_CHECKSRC = $(C)
endif
ifndef KBUILD_CHECKSRC
KBUILD_CHECKSRC = 0
endif
Linux 也支持代码检查，使用命令“make C=1”使能代码检查，检查那些需要重新编译的
文件。“make C=2”用于检查所有的源码文件
注释
＃使用make M = dir或设置环境变量KBUILD_EXTMOD来指定
＃要构建的外部模块目录。 设置M =优先。
ifeq ("$(origin M)", "command line")
KBUILD_EXTMOD := $(M)
endif
export KBUILD_CHECKSRC KBUILD_EXTMOD
和之前处理一样，
extmod-prefix = $(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),$(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/)
ifeq ($(abs_srctree),$(abs_objtree))
# building in the source tree
srctree := .
building_out_of_srctree :=
else
ifeq ($(abs_srctree)/,$(dir $(abs_objtree)))
# building in a subdirectory of the source tree
srctree := ..
else
srctree := $(abs_srctree)
endif
building_out_of_srctree := 1
endif
ifneq ($(KBUILD_ABS_SRCTREE),)
srctree := $(abs_srctree)
endif
objtree := .
VPATH := $(srctree)
export building_out_of_srctree srctree objtree VPATH
注释
＃确保我们不为任何* config目标包括.config
＃尽早捕获它们，并将其移交给scripts / kconfig / Makefile
＃允许在调用make时指定更多目标，包括
＃混合* config目标和构建目标。
＃例如'make oldconfig all'。
＃检测何时指定了混合目标，并进行第二次调用
make的数量，因此.config在这种情况下也不包括（对于* config）。
以下这些 在之前版本是没有的
version_h := include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
old_version_h := include/linux/version.h
clean-targets := %clean mrproper cleandocs
no-dot-config-targets := $(clean-targets) \
cscope gtags TAGS tags help% %docs check% coccicheck \
$(version_h) headers headers_% archheaders archscripts \
%asm-generic kernelversion %src-pkg
no-sync-config-targets := $(no-dot-config-targets) install %install \
kernelrelease
single-targets := %.a %.i %.ko %.lds %.ll %.lst %.mod %.o %.s %.symtypes %/
config-build :=
mixed-build :=
need-config := 1
may-sync-config := 1
single-build :=
ifneq ($(filter $(no-dot-config-targets), $(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
ifeq ($(filter-out $(no-dot-config-targets), $(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
need-config :=
endif
endif
ifneq ($(filter $(no-sync-config-targets), $(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
ifeq ($(filter-out $(no-sync-config-targets), $(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
may-sync-config :=
endif
endif
＃我们不能同时建立单个目标和其他目标
ifneq ($(filter $(single-targets), $(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
single-build := 1
ifneq ($(filter-out $(single-targets), $(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
mixed-build := 1
endif
endif
＃对于“ make -j clean all”，“ make -j mrproper defconfig all”等。
ifneq ($(filter $(clean-targets),$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
ifneq ($(filter-out $(clean-targets),$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
mixed-build := 1
endif
endif
＃install和modules_install也需要一一处理
ifneq ($(filter install,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
ifneq ($(filter modules_install,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
mixed-build := 1
endif
endif
＃我们被称为混合目标（* config和build目标）。
＃一一处理。
PHONY += $(MAKECMDGOALS) __build_one_by_one
$(filter-out __build_one_by_one, $(MAKECMDGOALS)): __build_one_by_one
@:
__build_one_by_one:
$(Q)set -e; \
for i in $(MAKECMDGOALS); do \
$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile $$i; \
done
else # !mixed-build
Kbuild.include
Kbuild.include是下面生成.config的重点 build 的路径所在
include scripts/Kbuild.include
＃从include / config / kernel.release中读取KERNELRELEASE（如果存在）
KERNELRELEASE = $(shell cat include/config/kernel.release 2> /dev/null)
KERNELVERSION = $(VERSION)$(if $(PATCHLEVEL),.$(PATCHLEVEL)$(if $(SUBLEVEL),.$(SUBLEVEL)))$(EXTRAVERSION)
export VERSION PATCHLEVEL SUBLEVEL KERNELRELEASE KERNELVERSION
include scripts/subarch.include
＃交叉编译并选择不同的gcc / bin-utils集
＃------------------------------------------------- --------------------------
＃
＃在对其他架构进行交叉编译时，应设置ARCH
＃到目标架构。 （有关可能性，请参见arch / *）。
＃ARCH可以在make调用期间设置：
＃使ARCH = ia64
＃另一种方法是在环境中设置ARCH。
＃默认ARCH是执行make的主机。
＃CROSS_COMPILE指定用于所有使用的可执行文件的前缀
＃编译期间。 仅gcc和相关的bin-utils可执行文件
＃带有$（CROSS_COMPILE）前缀。
＃CROSS_COMPILE可以在命令行上设置
＃使CROSS_COMPILE = ia64-linux-
＃或者，可以在环境中设置CROSS_COMPILE。
＃CROSS_COMPILE的默认值不为可执行文件加上前缀
＃注意：某些架构在arch / * / Makefile中分配CROSS_COMPILE
ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)
＃compile.h中存在的体系结构
UTS_MACHINE := $(ARCH)
SRCARCH := $(ARCH)
＃x86的其他ARCH设置
ifeq ($(ARCH),i386)
SRCARCH := x86
endif
ifeq ($(ARCH),x86_64)
SRCARCH := x86
endif
＃sparc的其他ARCH设置
ifeq ($(ARCH),sparc32)
SRCARCH := sparc
endif
ifeq ($(ARCH),sparc64)
SRCARCH := sparc
endif
＃sh的其他ARCH设置
ifeq ($(ARCH),sh64)
SRCARCH := sh
endif
KCONFIG_CONFIG ?= .config
export KCONFIG_CONFIG
?= 是如果没有被赋值过就赋予等号后面的值
# SHELL used by kbuild
CONFIG_SHELL := sh
HOST_LFS_CFLAGS := $(shell getconf LFS_CFLAGS 2>/dev/null)
HOST_LFS_LDFLAGS := $(shell getconf LFS_LDFLAGS 2>/dev/null)
HOST_LFS_LIBS := $(shell getconf LFS_LIBS 2>/dev/null)
HOSTCC = gcc
HOSTCXX = g++
KBUILD_HOSTCFLAGS := -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 \
-fomit-frame-pointer -std=gnu89 $(HOST_LFS_CFLAGS) \
$(HOSTCFLAGS)
KBUILD_HOSTCXXFLAGS := -O2 $(HOST_LFS_CFLAGS) $(HOSTCXXFLAGS)
KBUILD_HOSTLDFLAGS := $(HOST_LFS_LDFLAGS) $(HOSTLDFLAGS)
KBUILD_HOSTLDLIBS := $(HOST_LFS_LIBS) $(HOSTLDLIBS)
# Make variables (CC, etc...)
AS = $(CROSS_COMPILE)as
LD = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ld
CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
CPP = $(CC) -E
AR = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ar
NM = $(CROSS_COMPILE)nm
STRIP = $(CROSS_COMPILE)strip
OBJCOPY = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objcopy
OBJDUMP = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objdump
OBJSIZE = $(CROSS_COMPILE)size
READELF = $(CROSS_COMPILE)readelf
PAHOLE = pahole
LEX = flex
YACC = bison
AWK = awk
INSTALLKERNEL := installkernel
DEPMOD = /sbin/depmod
PERL = perl
PYTHON = python
PYTHON2 = python2
PYTHON3 = python3
CHECK = sparse
BASH = bash
CHECKFLAGS := -D__linux__ -Dlinux -D__STDC__ -Dunix -D__unix__ \
-Wbitwise -Wno-return-void -Wno-unknown-attribute $(CF)
NOSTDINC_FLAGS :=
CFLAGS_MODULE =
AFLAGS_MODULE =
LDFLAGS_MODULE =
CFLAGS_KERNEL =
AFLAGS_KERNEL =
LDFLAGS_vmlinux =
顶层 Makefile 定义了两个变量保存头文件路径：USERINCLUDE 和 LINUXINCLUDE，相
关代码如下：
# Use USERINCLUDE when you must reference the UAPI directories only.
USERINCLUDE := \
-I$(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/uapi \
-I$(objtree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/generated/uapi \
-I$(srctree)/include/uapi \
-I$(objtree)/include/generated/uapi \
-include $(srctree)/include/linux/kconfig.h
＃必须引用include /目录时，请使用LINUXINCLUDE。
＃需要与O =选项兼容
LINUXINCLUDE := \
-I$(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/include \
-I$(objtree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/generated \
$(if $(building_out_of_srctree),-I$(srctree)/include) \
-I$(objtree)/include \
$(USERINCLUDE)
KBUILD_AFLAGS := -D__ASSEMBLY__ -fno-PIE
KBUILD_CFLAGS := -Wall -Wundef -Werror=strict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs \
-fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -fshort-wchar -fno-PIE \
-Werror=implicit-function-declaration -Werror=implicit-int \
-Wno-format-security \
-std=gnu89
KBUILD_CPPFLAGS := -D__KERNEL__
KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL :=
KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL :=
KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE := -DMODULE
KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE := -DMODULE
KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE :=
export KBUILD_LDS_MODULE := $(srctree)/scripts/module-common.lds
KBUILD_LDFLAGS :=
GCC_PLUGINS_CFLAGS :=
CLANG_FLAGS :=
export ARCH SRCARCH CONFIG_SHELL BASH HOSTCC KBUILD_HOSTCFLAGS CROSS_COMPILE AS LD CC
export CPP AR NM STRIP OBJCOPY OBJDUMP OBJSIZE READELF PAHOLE LEX YACC AWK INSTALLKERNEL
export PERL PYTHON PYTHON2 PYTHON3 CHECK CHECKFLAGS MAKE UTS_MACHINE HOSTCXX
export KBUILD_HOSTCXXFLAGS KBUILD_HOSTLDFLAGS KBUILD_HOSTLDLIBS LDFLAGS_MODULE
export KBUILD_CPPFLAGS NOSTDINC_FLAGS LINUXINCLUDE OBJCOPYFLAGS KBUILD_LDFLAGS
export KBUILD_CFLAGS CFLAGS_KERNEL CFLAGS_MODULE
export CFLAGS_KASAN CFLAGS_KASAN_NOSANITIZE CFLAGS_UBSAN
export KBUILD_AFLAGS AFLAGS_KERNEL AFLAGS_MODULE
export KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE
export KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL
＃在find ...语句中要忽略的文件
export RCS_FIND_IGNORE := \( -name SCCS -o -name BitKeeper -o -name .svn -o \
-name CVS -o -name .pc -o -name .hg -o -name .git \) \
-prune -o
export RCS_TAR_IGNORE := --exclude SCCS --exclude BitKeeper --exclude .svn \
--exclude CVS --exclude .pc --exclude .hg --exclude .git
#
scripts_basic 依赖
scripts_basic:
(
Q
)
(Q)
(Q)(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/basic
$(Q)rm -f .tmp_quiet_recordmcount
===========================================================================
＃在* config目标和构建目标之间共享的规则
# Basic helpers built in scripts/basic/
PHONY += scripts_basic
scripts_basic:
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/basic
$(Q)rm -f .tmp_quiet_recordmcount
PHONY += outputmakefile
scripts_basic:
注释
＃在开始树外构建之前，请确保源树是干净的。
＃outputmakefile（如果使用
＃单独的输出目录。 这样可以方便地在
＃ 输出目录。
＃在生成输出Makefile的同时，将.gitignore生成为
＃忽略整个输出目录
outputmakefile:
ifdef building_out_of_srctree
$(Q)if [ -f $(srctree)/.config -o \
-d $(srctree)/include/config -o \
-d $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/generated ]; then \
echo >&2 "***"; \
echo >&2 "*** The source tree is not clean, please run 'make$(if $(findstring command line, $(origin ARCH)), ARCH=$(ARCH)) mrproper'"; \
echo >&2 "*** in $(abs_srctree)";\
echo >&2 "***"; \
false; \
fi
$(Q)ln -fsn $(srctree) source
$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/mkmakefile $(srctree)
$(Q)test -e .gitignore || \
{ echo "# this is build directory, ignore it"; echo "*"; } > .gitignore
endif
如果 定义building_out_of_srctree 时 outputmakefile才有效
ifneq ($(shell $(CC) --version 2>&1 | head -n 1 | grep clang),)
ifneq ($(CROSS_COMPILE),)
CLANG_FLAGS += --target=$(notdir $(CROSS_COMPILE:%-=%))
GCC_TOOLCHAIN_DIR := $(dir $(shell which $(CROSS_COMPILE)elfedit))
CLANG_FLAGS += --prefix=$(GCC_TOOLCHAIN_DIR)
GCC_TOOLCHAIN := $(realpath $(GCC_TOOLCHAIN_DIR)/..)
endif
ifneq ($(GCC_TOOLCHAIN),)
CLANG_FLAGS += --gcc-toolchain=$(GCC_TOOLCHAIN)
endif
ifeq ($(shell $(AS) --version 2>&1 | head -n 1 | grep clang),)
CLANG_FLAGS += -no-integrated-as
endif
CLANG_FLAGS += -Werror=unknown-warning-option
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(CLANG_FLAGS)
KBUILD_AFLAGS += $(CLANG_FLAGS)
export CLANG_FLAGS
endif
＃扩展应该延迟到包含arch / $（SRCARCH）/ Makefile。
＃一些架构在arch / $（SRCARCH）/ Makefile中定义了CROSS_COMPILE。
＃CC_VERSION_TEXT是从Kconfig引用的（因此需要导出），
＃和从include / config / auto.conf.cmd中检测编译器升级。
CC_VERSION_TEXT = $(shell $(CC) --version 2>/dev/null | head -n 1)
ifdef config-build
＃*仅配置目标-确保先决条件已更新并降级
＃在scripts / kconfig中将* config作为目标
＃根据需要读取特定于架构的Makefile来设置KBUILD_DEFCONFIG。
＃KBUILD_DEFCONFIG可能会指出其他默认配置
＃用于'make defconfig'
xxx_defconfig 依赖（生成.config的主要部分）
.config 依赖scripts_basic
scripts_basic :
(
Q
)
(Q)
(Q)(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/basic
$(Q)rm -f .tmp_quiet_recordmcount
.config和scripts_basic 又需要build
build 需要之前的 scripts/Kbuild.include文件
scripts/Kbuild.include文件 159行 build := -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.build obj
srctree 一般是本路径 .
make xxx_defconfig
配置 Linux 的时候如下两行命令会执行脚本
scripts/Makefile.build：
@make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=scripts/basic（因为scripts_basic）
@make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=scripts/kconfig xxx_defconfig
include arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile
export KBUILD_DEFCONFIG KBUILD_KCONFIG CC_VERSION_TEXT
config: outputmakefile scripts_basic FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/kconfig $@
%config: outputmakefile scripts_basic FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/kconfig $@
else #!config-build
＃仅建立目标-包括vmlinux，特定于目标的目标，干净
＃个目标和其他目标。 通常，除* config目标外的所有目标。
＃如果构建外部模块，我们将不在乎all：规则
＃但是_all取决于模块
make xxx_defconfig”与目标“%config”匹配，因此执行。“%config”依赖
scripts_basic、outputmakefile 和 FORCE，一般outputmakefile 为空，FORCE为空，“%config”真正有意义的依赖就只有 scripts_basic，
scripts_basic 的规则如下：
Makefile.build与__build（scripts_basic 作用）
Makefile.build文件下
42行 kbuild-dir := $(if
(
f
i
l
t
e
r
/
(filter /%,
(filter/(src)),
(
s
r
c
)
,
(src),
(src),(srctree)/$(src))
43 kbuild-file := $(if $(wildcard
(
k
b
u
i
l
d
−
d
i
r
)
/
K
b
u
i
l
d
)
,
(kbuild-dir)/Kbuild),
(kbuild−dir)/Kbuild),(kbuilddir)/Kbuild,$(kbuild-dir)/Makefile)
__build: $(if
(
K
B
U
I
L
D
B
U
I
L
T
I
N
)
,
(KBUILD_BUILTIN),
(KBUILDBUILTIN),(builtin-target) $(lib-target) $(extra-y))
$(if
(
K
B
U
I
L
D
M
O
D
U
L
E
S
)
,
(KBUILD_MODULES),
(KBUILDMODULES),(obj-m) $(modorder-target))
$(subdir-ym) $(always)
执行本文件 相当于执行 make __build
也就是 执行 依赖 __build:$(builtin-target) $(lib-target) $(extra-y)) $(subdir-ym) $(always)
依赖具体内容
builtin-target =
lib-target =
extra-y =
subdir-ym =
always = scripts/basic/fixdep scripts/basic/bin2c
也就是执行 scripts/basic/fixdep scripts/basic/bin2c
__build 依赖于 scripts/basic/fixdep 和 scripts/basic/bin2c，所以要先将 scripts/basic/fixdep 和
scripts/basic/bin2c.c 这两个文件编译成 fixdep 和 bin2c。
综上所述，scripts_basic 目标的作用就是编译出 scripts/basic/fixdep 和 scripts/basic/bin2c 这
两个软件。
.config
此命令 会执行
src= scripts/kconfig
kbuild-dir = ./scripts/kconfig
kbuild-file = ./scripts/kconfig/Makefile
include ./scripts/kconfig/Makefile
Makefile.build 会读取 scripts/kconfig/Makefile 中的内容
scripts/kconfig/Makefile文件
104 %_defconfig: $(obj)/conf
105
(
Q
)
(Q)
(Q)<
(
s
i
l
e
n
t
)
−
−
d
e
f
c
o
n
f
i
g
=
a
r
c
h
/
(silent) --defconfig=arch/
(silent)−−defconfig=arch/(SRCARCH)/configs/$@
$(Kconfig)
%_defconfig依赖scripts/kconfig/conf，所以会编译scripts/kconfig/conf.c生成conf这个软件。
此软件就会将%_defconfig 中的配置输出到.config 文件中，最终生成 Linux kernel 根目录下
的.config 文件。
Make
上面的所有是为了生成.config 下面是为了进行生成vmlinux文件
PHONY += all
ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
_all: all
else
_all: modules
endif
＃确定是构建内置的，模块化的还是两者兼而有之。
＃通常，只需内置即可。
KBUILD_MODULES :=
KBUILD_BUILTIN := 1
使用命令“make xxx_defconfig”配置好 Linux 内核以后就可以使用“make”或者“make all”
命令进行编译。
＃如果我们只有“ make modules”，请不要编译内置对象。
＃当我们使用modversions构建模块时，我们需要考虑
＃在下降过程中也内置对象，以便
＃在记录校验和之前，请确保它们是最新的。
ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),modules)
KBUILD_BUILTIN := $(if $(CONFIG_MODVERSIONS),1)
endif
＃如果有“ make <whatever>模块”，则编译模块
＃除了我们要做的任何事情。
＃只需“ make”或“ make all”也可以内置模块
ifneq ($(filter all _all modules nsdeps,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
KBUILD_MODULES := 1
endif
ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),)
KBUILD_MODULES := 1
endif
export KBUILD_MODULES KBUILD_BUILTIN
ifdef need-config
include include/config/auto.conf
endif
init-y drivers-y net-y libs-y core-y virt-y 最开始的赋值
下面这些都是之后为了需要编译的文件
ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
＃我们将链接到我们需要访问的vmlinux / subdirs中的对象
init-y := init/
drivers-y := drivers/ sound/
drivers-$(CONFIG_SAMPLES) += samples/
net-y := net/
libs-y := lib/
core-y := usr/
virt-y := virt/
endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD
默认为生成 vmlinux
＃全部：目标是默认值，如果目标上没有指定目标
＃ 命令行。
＃这允许用户仅发出“ make”来构建包含模块的内核
＃默认为vmlinux，但是arch makefile通常会添加更多目标
all: vmlinux
CFLAGS_GCOV := -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage \
$(call cc-option,-fno-tree-loop-im) \
$(call cc-disable-warning,maybe-uninitialized,)
export CFLAGS_GCOV
＃arch Makefile可以覆盖CC_FLAGS_FTRACE。 我们也可能在以后追加。
ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
CC_FLAGS_FTRACE := -pg
endif
RETPOLINE_CFLAGS_GCC := -mindirect-branch=thunk-extern -mindirect-branch-register
RETPOLINE_VDSO_CFLAGS_GCC := -mindirect-branch=thunk-inline -mindirect-branch-register
RETPOLINE_CFLAGS_CLANG := -mretpoline-external-thunk
RETPOLINE_VDSO_CFLAGS_CLANG := -mretpoline
RETPOLINE_CFLAGS := $(call cc-option,$(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS_GCC),$(call cc-option,$(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS_CLANG)))
RETPOLINE_VDSO_CFLAGS := $(call cc-option,$(RETPOLINE_VDSO_CFLAGS_GCC),$(call cc-option,$(RETPOLINE_VDSO_CFLAGS_CLANG)))
export RETPOLINE_CFLAGS
export RETPOLINE_VDSO_CFLAGS
include arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile
ifdef need-config
ifdef may-sync-config
# Read in dependencies to all Kconfig* files, make sure to run syncconfig if
# changes are detected. This should be included after arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile
# because some architectures define CROSS_COMPILE there.
include include/config/auto.conf.cmd
$(KCONFIG_CONFIG):
@echo >&2 '***'
@echo >&2 '*** Configuration file "$@" not found!'
@echo >&2 '***'
@echo >&2 '*** Please run some configurator (e.g. "make oldconfig" or'
@echo >&2 '*** "make menuconfig" or "make xconfig").'
@echo >&2 '***'
@/bin/false
# The actual configuration files used during the build are stored in
# include/generated/ and include/config/. Update them if .config is newer than
# include/config/auto.conf (which mirrors .config).
#
# This exploits the 'multi-target pattern rule' trick.
# The syncconfig should be executed only once to make all the targets.
%/auto.conf %/auto.conf.cmd %/tristate.conf: $(KCONFIG_CONFIG)
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile syncconfig
else # !may-sync-config
# External modules and some install targets need include/generated/autoconf.h
# and include/config/auto.conf but do not care if they are up-to-date.
# Use auto.conf to trigger the test
PHONY += include/config/auto.conf
include/config/auto.conf:
$(Q)test -e include/generated/autoconf.h -a -e $@ || ( \
echo >&2; \
echo >&2 " ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid."; \
echo >&2 " include/generated/autoconf.h or $@ are missing.";\
echo >&2 " Run 'make oldconfig && make prepare' on kernel src to fix it."; \
echo >&2 ; \
/bin/false)
endif # may-sync-config
endif # need-config
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-delete-null-pointer-checks,)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-disable-warning,frame-address,)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-disable-warning, format-truncation)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-disable-warning, format-overflow)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-disable-warning, address-of-packed-member)
ifdef CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_PERFORMANCE
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -O2
else ifdef CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_PERFORMANCE_O3
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -O3
else ifdef CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Os
endif
ifdef CONFIG_CC_DISABLE_WARN_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-maybe-uninitialized
endif
# Tell gcc to never replace conditional load with a non-conditional one
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,--param=allow-store-data-races=0)
include scripts/Makefile.kcov
include scripts/Makefile.gcc-plugins
ifdef CONFIG_READABLE_ASM
# Disable optimizations that make assembler listings hard to read.
# reorder blocks reorders the control in the function
# ipa clone creates specialized cloned functions
# partial inlining inlines only parts of functions
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-reorder-blocks,) \
$(call cc-option,-fno-ipa-cp-clone,) \
$(call cc-option,-fno-partial-inlining)
endif
ifneq ($(CONFIG_FRAME_WARN),0)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Wframe-larger-than=${CONFIG_FRAME_WARN})
endif
stackp-flags-$(CONFIG_CC_HAS_STACKPROTECTOR_NONE) := -fno-stack-protector
stackp-flags-$(CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR) := -fstack-protector
stackp-flags-$(CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG) := -fstack-protector-strong
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(stackp-flags-y)
ifdef CONFIG_CC_IS_CLANG
KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -Qunused-arguments
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-format-invalid-specifier
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-gnu
# Quiet clang warning: comparison of unsigned expression < 0 is always false
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-tautological-compare
# CLANG uses a _MergedGlobals as optimization, but this breaks modpost, as the
# source of a reference will be _MergedGlobals and not on of the whitelisted names.
# See modpost pattern 2
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -mno-global-merge
else
# These warnings generated too much noise in a regular build.
# Use make W=1 to enable them (see scripts/Makefile.extrawarn)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-unused-but-set-variable
# Warn about unmarked fall-throughs in switch statement.
# Disabled for clang while comment to attribute conversion happens and
# https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/636 is discussed.
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Wimplicit-fallthrough,)
endif
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-disable-warning, unused-const-variable)
ifdef CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls
else
# Some targets (ARM with Thumb2, for example), can't be built with frame
# pointers. For those, we don't have FUNCTION_TRACER automatically
# select FRAME_POINTER. However, FUNCTION_TRACER adds -pg, and this is
# incompatible with -fomit-frame-pointer with current GCC, so we don't use
# -fomit-frame-pointer with FUNCTION_TRACER.
ifndef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fomit-frame-pointer
endif
endif
# Initialize all stack variables with a pattern, if desired.
ifdef CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -ftrivial-auto-var-init=pattern
endif
DEBUG_CFLAGS := $(call cc-option, -fno-var-tracking-assignments)
ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO
ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_SPLIT
DEBUG_CFLAGS += -gsplit-dwarf
else
DEBUG_CFLAGS += -g
endif
KBUILD_AFLAGS += -Wa,-gdwarf-2
endif
ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_DWARF4
DEBUG_CFLAGS += -gdwarf-4
endif
ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_REDUCED
DEBUG_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option, -femit-struct-debug-baseonly) \
$(call cc-option,-fno-var-tracking)
endif
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(DEBUG_CFLAGS)
export DEBUG_CFLAGS
ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD
# gcc 5 supports generating the mcount tables directly
ifeq ($(call cc-option-yn,-mrecord-mcount),y)
CC_FLAGS_FTRACE += -mrecord-mcount
export CC_USING_RECORD_MCOUNT := 1
endif
ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_NOP_MCOUNT
ifeq ($(call cc-option-yn, -mnop-mcount),y)
CC_FLAGS_FTRACE += -mnop-mcount
CC_FLAGS_USING += -DCC_USING_NOP_MCOUNT
endif
endif
endif
ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_FENTRY
ifeq ($(call cc-option-yn, -mfentry),y)
CC_FLAGS_FTRACE += -mfentry
CC_FLAGS_USING += -DCC_USING_FENTRY
endif
endif
export CC_FLAGS_FTRACE
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE) $(CC_FLAGS_USING)
KBUILD_AFLAGS += $(CC_FLAGS_USING)
ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_C_RECORDMCOUNT
BUILD_C_RECORDMCOUNT := y
export BUILD_C_RECORDMCOUNT
endif
endif
endif
# We trigger additional mismatches with less inlining
ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option, -fno-inline-functions-called-once)
endif
ifdef CONFIG_LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION
KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
LDFLAGS_vmlinux += --gc-sections
endif
ifdef CONFIG_LIVEPATCH
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option, -flive-patching=inline-clone)
endif
# arch Makefile may override CC so keep this after arch Makefile is included
NOSTDINC_FLAGS += -nostdinc -isystem $(shell $(CC) -print-file-name=include)
# warn about C99 declaration after statement
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wdeclaration-after-statement
# Variable Length Arrays (VLAs) should not be used anywhere in the kernel
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wvla
# disable pointer signed / unsigned warnings in gcc 4.0
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-pointer-sign
# disable stringop warnings in gcc 8+
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-disable-warning, stringop-truncation)
# disable invalid "can't wrap" optimizations for signed / pointers
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-strict-overflow)
# clang sets -fmerge-all-constants by default as optimization, but this
# is non-conforming behavior for C and in fact breaks the kernel, so we
# need to disable it here generally.
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-merge-all-constants)
# for gcc -fno-merge-all-constants disables everything, but it is fine
# to have actual conforming behavior enabled.
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fmerge-constants)
# Make sure -fstack-check isn't enabled (like gentoo apparently did)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-stack-check,)
# conserve stack if available
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fconserve-stack)
# Prohibit date/time macros, which would make the build non-deterministic
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Werror=date-time)
# enforce correct pointer usage
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Werror=incompatible-pointer-types)
# Require designated initializers for all marked structures
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Werror=designated-init)
# change __FILE__ to the relative path from the srctree
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fmacro-prefix-map=$(srctree)/=)
# ensure -fcf-protection is disabled when using retpoline as it is
# incompatible with -mindirect-branch=thunk-extern
ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fcf-protection=none)
endif
include scripts/Makefile.kasan
include scripts/Makefile.extrawarn
include scripts/Makefile.ubsan
# Add user supplied CPPFLAGS, AFLAGS and CFLAGS as the last assignments
KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += $(KCPPFLAGS)
KBUILD_AFLAGS += $(KAFLAGS)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(KCFLAGS)
KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE += --build-id
LDFLAGS_vmlinux += --build-id
ifeq ($(CONFIG_STRIP_ASM_SYMS),y)
LDFLAGS_vmlinux += $(call ld-option, -X,)
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_RELR),y)
LDFLAGS_vmlinux += --pack-dyn-relocs=relr
endif
# make the checker run with the right architecture
CHECKFLAGS += --arch=$(ARCH)
# insure the checker run with the right endianness
CHECKFLAGS += $(if $(CONFIG_CPU_BIG_ENDIAN),-mbig-endian,-mlittle-endian)
# the checker needs the correct machine size
CHECKFLAGS += $(if $(CONFIG_64BIT),-m64,-m32)
# Default kernel image to build when no specific target is given.
# KBUILD_IMAGE may be overruled on the command line or
# set in the environment
# Also any assignments in arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile take precedence over
# this default value
export KBUILD_IMAGE ?= vmlinux
#
# INSTALL_PATH specifies where to place the updated kernel and system map
# images. Default is /boot, but you can set it to other values
export INSTALL_PATH ?= /boot
#
# INSTALL_DTBS_PATH specifies a prefix for relocations required by build roots.
# Like INSTALL_MOD_PATH, it isn't defined in the Makefile, but can be passed as
# an argument if needed. Otherwise it defaults to the kernel install path
#
export INSTALL_DTBS_PATH ?= $(INSTALL_PATH)/dtbs/$(KERNELRELEASE)
#
# INSTALL_MOD_PATH specifies a prefix to MODLIB for module directory
# relocations required by build roots. This is not defined in the
# makefile but the argument can be passed to make if needed.
#
MODLIB = $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)
export MODLIB
#
# INSTALL_MOD_STRIP, if defined, will cause modules to be
# stripped after they are installed. If INSTALL_MOD_STRIP is '1', then
# the default option --strip-debug will be used. Otherwise,
# INSTALL_MOD_STRIP value will be used as the options to the strip command.
ifdef INSTALL_MOD_STRIP
ifeq ($(INSTALL_MOD_STRIP),1)
mod_strip_cmd = $(STRIP) --strip-debug
else
mod_strip_cmd = $(STRIP) $(INSTALL_MOD_STRIP)
endif # INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1
else
mod_strip_cmd = true
endif # INSTALL_MOD_STRIP
export mod_strip_cmd
# CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS, if defined, will cause module to be compressed
# after they are installed in agreement with CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS_GZIP
# or CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS_XZ.
mod_compress_cmd = true
ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS
ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS_GZIP
mod_compress_cmd = gzip -n -f
endif # CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS_GZIP
ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS_XZ
mod_compress_cmd = xz -f
endif # CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS_XZ
endif # CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS
export mod_compress_cmd
ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_ALL
$(eval $(call config_filename,MODULE_SIG_KEY))
mod_sign_cmd = scripts/sign-file $(CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_HASH) $(MODULE_SIG_KEY_SRCPREFIX)$(CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_KEY) certs/signing_key.x509
else
mod_sign_cmd = true
endif
export mod_sign_cmd
HOST_LIBELF_LIBS = $(shell pkg-config libelf --libs 2>/dev/null || echo -lelf)
ifdef CONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION
has_libelf := $(call try-run,\
echo "int main() {}" | $(HOSTCC) -xc -o /dev/null $(HOST_LIBELF_LIBS) -,1,0)
ifeq ($(has_libelf),1)
objtool_target := tools/objtool FORCE
else
SKIP_STACK_VALIDATION := 1
export SKIP_STACK_VALIDATION
endif
endif
PHONY += prepare0
export MODORDER := $(extmod-prefix)modules.order
export MODULES_NSDEPS := $(extmod-prefix)modules.nsdeps
ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
core-y 第二次赋值
core-y += kernel/ certs/ mm/ fs/ ipc/ security/ crypto/ block/
vmlinux-dirs
根据名字就可以知道 是保存的变量
vmlinux-dirs := $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(init-y) $(init-m) \
$(core-y) $(core-m) $(drivers-y) $(drivers-m) \
$(net-y) $(net-m) $(libs-y) $(libs-m) $(virt-y)))
vmlinux-alldirs
vmlinux-alldirs := $(sort $(vmlinux-dirs) Documentation \
$(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(init-) $(core-) \
$(drivers-) $(net-) $(libs-) $(virt-))))
build-dirs的值等于vmlinux-dirs
build-dirs := $(vmlinux-dirs)
clean-dirs := $(vmlinux-alldirs)
core-y 第二次 赋值
core-y := usr/
根据 core-y第一次依赖
core-y += kernel/ certs/ mm/ fs/ ipc/ security/ crypto/ block/
根据 arch/arm/Makefile 中会对 core-y 进行追加
276行
core-
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(CONFIG_FPE_NWFPE) += arch/arm/nwfpe/core-
(CONFIGFPENWFPE)+=arch/arm/nwfpe/core−(CONFIG_FPE_FASTFPE) += $(patsubst
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(srctree)/arch/arm/fastfpe/)) core-
(srctree)/arch/arm/fastfpe/))core−(CONFIG_VFP) += arch/arm/vfp/
core-
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(CONFIG_XEN) += arch/arm/xen/ core-
(CONFIGXEN)+=arch/arm/xen/core−(CONFIG_KVM_ARM_HOST) += arch/arm/kvm/
core-$(CONFIG_VDSO) += arch/arm/vdso/
core-y += arch/arm/kernel/ arch/arm/mm/ arch/arm/common/
core-y += arch/arm/probes/
core-y += arch/arm/net/
core-y += arch/arm/crypto/
core-y += $(machdirs) $(platdirs)
最终
core-y = usr/built-in.o arch/arm/vfp/built-in.o
arch/arm/vdso/built-in.o arch/arm/kernel/built-in.o
arch/arm/mm/built-in.o arch/arm/common/built-in.o
arch/arm/probes/built-in.o arch/arm/net/built-in.o
arch/arm/crypto/built-in.o arch/arm/firmware/built-in.o
arch/arm/mach-imx/built-in.o kernel/built-in.o
mm/built-in.o fs/built-in.o
ipc/built-in.o security/built-in.o
crypto/built-in.o block/built-in.o
init-y drivers-y net-y libs-y第二次赋值
根据前面的
init-y := init/
drivers-y := drivers/ sound/
drivers-$(CONFIG_SAMPLES) += samples/
net-y := net/
libs-y := lib/
再根据下面的所以得出
init-y = init/built-in.o
drivers-y = drivers/built-in.o sound/built-in.o firmware/built-in.o
net-y = net/built-in.o
libs-y1 := lib/lib.a
libs-y2 := lib/built-in.a 和其他的.a
virt-y := virt/built-in.a
init-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(init-y))
core-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(core-y))
drivers-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(drivers-y))
net-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(net-y))
libs-y1 := $(patsubst %/, %/lib.a, $(libs-y))
libs-y2 := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(filter-out %.a, $(libs-y)))
virt-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(virt-y))
libs-y 赋值分析
这里面有个特殊情况
在 arch/arm/Makefile 中会向 libs-y 中追加一些值
297 行 libs-y := arch/arm/lib/ $(libs-y)
vmlinux.lds
KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS
KBUILD_LDS 链接库
# Externally visible symbols (used by link-vmlinux.sh)
export KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS := $(head-y) $(init-y) $(core-y) $(libs-y2) \
$(drivers-y) $(net-y) $(virt-y)
export KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS := $(libs-y1)
export KBUILD_LDS := arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds
export LDFLAGS_vmlinux
# used by scripts/Makefile.package
export KBUILD_ALLDIRS := $(sort $(filter-out arch/%,$(vmlinux-alldirs)) LICENSES arch include scripts tools)
vmlinux-deps依赖
vmlinux-deps= $(KBUILD_LDS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS)
vmlinux-deps := $(KBUILD_LDS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS)
# Recurse until adjust_autoksyms.sh is satisfied
PHONY += autoksyms_recursive
ifdef CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
autoksyms_recursive: descend modules.order
$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/adjust_autoksyms.sh \
"$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile vmlinux"
endif
# For the kernel to actually contain only the needed exported symbols,
# we have to build modules as well to determine what those symbols are.
# (this can be evaluated only once include/config/auto.conf has been included)
ifdef CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
KBUILD_MODULES := 1
endif
autoksyms_h := $(if $(CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS), include/generated/autoksyms.h)
$(autoksyms_h):
$(Q)mkdir -p $(dir $@)
$(Q)touch $@
ARCH_POSTLINK := $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile.postlink)
# Final link of vmlinux with optional arch pass after final link
cmd_link-vmlinux的值
cmd_link-vmlinux = \
$(CONFIG_SHELL) $< $(LD) $(KBUILD_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS_vmlinux) ; \
$(if $(ARCH_POSTLINK), $(MAKE) -f $(ARCH_POSTLINK) $@, true)
cmd_link-vmlinux 的值，其中 CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash，
$<表示目标 vmlinux的第一个依赖文件，根据前面，这个文件为 scripts/link-vmlinux.sh。
LD= arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld -EL，LDFLAGS 为空。LDFLAGS_vmlinux 的值由顶层 Makefile 和
arch/arm/Makefile 这两个文件共同决定，最终 LDFLAGS_vmlinux=-p --no-undefined -X --pic
veneer --build-id。
cmd_link-vmlinux = /bin/bash scripts/link-vmlinux.sh arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld -EL -p --no
undefined -X --pic-veneer --build-id
cmd_link-vmlinux 会调用 scripts/link-vmlinux.sh 这个脚本来链接出 vmlinux！在 link
vmlinux.sh 中有如下所示代码：
vmlinux 依赖
vmlinux-deps= $(KBUILD_LDS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS)
vmlinux: scripts/link-vmlinux.sh autoksyms_recursive ( v m l i n u x − d e p s ) F O R C E + (vmlinux-deps) FORCE + (vmlinux−deps)FORCE+(call if_changed,link-vmlinux)
vmlinux 的依赖为：scripts/link-vmlinux.sh、 ( h e a d − y ) 、 (head-y) 、 (head−y)、(init-y)、$(core-y) 、
( l i b s − y ) 、 (libs-y) 、 (libs−y)、(drivers-y) 、$(net-y)、arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds 和 FORCE。
+$(call if_changed,link-vmlinux)
$(call if_changed,link-vmlinux)是调用函数 if_changed，link-vmlinux 是函数 if_changed 的
参数
函数 if_changed 定义在文件 scripts/Kbuild.include 中
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if_changed = $(if
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KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \ at position 69: … \̲ ̲ printf '%s\n' …@ := $(make-cmd)’ > $(dot-target).cmd, @😃
newer-prereq 用于检查依赖文件是否有变化，如果依赖文件有变化那么 any-prereq 就不为
空，否则就为空。cmd-check 用于检查参数是否有变化，如果没有变化那么 cmd-check 就为空。
cmd在185行
cmd = @set -e; $(echo-cmd) KaTeX parse error: Expected group after '_' at position 5: (cmd_̲(1))
@set -e”告诉 bash，如果任何语句的执行结果不为 true(也就是执行出错)的
话就直接退出。
$(echo-cmd)用于打印命令执行过程，比如在链接 vmlinux 的时候就会输出
“LINK vmlinux”。KaTeX parse error: Expected group after '_' at position 5: (cmd_̲(1))中的 ( 1 ) 表 示 参 数 ， 也 就 是 l i n k − v m l i n u x ， 因 此 (1)表示参数，也就是 link-vmlinux，因此 (1)表示参数，也就是link−vmlinux，因此(cmd_$(1))表示
执行 cmd_link-vmlinux 的内容
cmd_link-vmlinux 在顶层 Makefile 中有如下所示定义，根据前面的cmd_link-vmlinux赋值即可
vmlinux: scripts/link-vmlinux.sh autoksyms_recursive $(vmlinux-deps) FORCE
+$(call if_changed,link-vmlinux)
targets := vmlinux
# The actual objects are generated when descending,
# make sure no implicit rule kicks in
$(sort $(vmlinux-deps)): descend ;
filechk_kernel.release = \
echo "$(KERNELVERSION)$$($(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/setlocalversion $(srctree))"
# Store (new) KERNELRELEASE string in include/config/kernel.release
include/config/kernel.release: FORCE
$(call filechk,kernel.release)
# Additional helpers built in scripts/
# Carefully list dependencies so we do not try to build scripts twice
# in parallel
PHONY += scripts
scripts: scripts_basic scripts_dtc
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(@)
# Things we need to do before we recursively start building the kernel
# or the modules are listed in "prepare".
# A multi level approach is used. prepareN is processed before prepareN-1.
# archprepare is used in arch Makefiles and when processed asm symlink,
# version.h and scripts_basic is processed / created.
PHONY += prepare archprepare
archprepare: outputmakefile archheaders archscripts scripts include/config/kernel.release \
asm-generic $(version_h) $(autoksyms_h) include/generated/utsrelease.h
prepare0: archprepare
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/mod
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=.
# All the preparing..
prepare: prepare0 prepare-objtool
# Support for using generic headers in asm-generic
asm-generic := -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.asm-generic obj
PHONY += asm-generic uapi-asm-generic
asm-generic: uapi-asm-generic
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(asm-generic)=arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/generated/asm \
generic=include/asm-generic
uapi-asm-generic:
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(asm-generic)=arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/generated/uapi/asm \
generic=include/uapi/asm-generic
PHONY += prepare-objtool
prepare-objtool: $(objtool_target)
ifeq ($(SKIP_STACK_VALIDATION),1)
ifdef CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC
@echo "error: Cannot generate ORC metadata for CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC=y, please install libelf-dev, libelf-devel or elfutils-libelf-devel" >&2
@false
else
@echo "warning: Cannot use CONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION=y, please install libelf-dev, libelf-devel or elfutils-libelf-devel" >&2
endif
endif
# Generate some files
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# KERNELRELEASE can change from a few different places, meaning version.h
# needs to be updated, so this check is forced on all builds
uts_len := 64
define filechk_utsrelease.h
if [ `echo -n "$(KERNELRELEASE)" | wc -c ` -gt $(uts_len) ]; then \
echo '"$(KERNELRELEASE)" exceeds $(uts_len) characters' >&2; \
exit 1; \
fi; \
echo \#define UTS_RELEASE \"$(KERNELRELEASE)\"
endef
define filechk_version.h
echo \#define LINUX_VERSION_CODE $(shell \
expr $(VERSION) \* 65536 + 0$(PATCHLEVEL) \* 256 + 0$(SUBLEVEL)); \
echo '#define KERNEL_VERSION(a,b,c) (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + (c))'
endef
$(version_h): FORCE
$(call filechk,version.h)
$(Q)rm -f $(old_version_h)
include/generated/utsrelease.h: include/config/kernel.release FORCE
$(call filechk,utsrelease.h)
PHONY += headerdep
headerdep:
$(Q)find $(srctree)/include/ -name '*.h' | xargs --max-args 1 \
$(srctree)/scripts/headerdep.pl -I$(srctree)/include
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Kernel headers
#Default location for installed headers
export INSTALL_HDR_PATH = $(objtree)/usr
quiet_cmd_headers_install = INSTALL $(INSTALL_HDR_PATH)/include
cmd_headers_install = \
mkdir -p $(INSTALL_HDR_PATH); \
rsync -mrl --include='*/' --include='*\.h' --exclude='*' \
usr/include $(INSTALL_HDR_PATH)
PHONY += headers_install
headers_install: headers
$(call cmd,headers_install)
PHONY += archheaders archscripts
hdr-inst := -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.headersinst obj
PHONY += headers
headers: $(version_h) scripts_unifdef uapi-asm-generic archheaders archscripts
$(if $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/uapi/asm/Kbuild),, \
$(error Headers not exportable for the $(SRCARCH) architecture))
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=include/uapi
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/uapi
# Deprecated. It is no-op now.
PHONY += headers_check
headers_check:
@:
ifdef CONFIG_HEADERS_INSTALL
prepare: headers
endif
PHONY += scripts_unifdef
scripts_unifdef: scripts_basic
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts scripts/unifdef
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Kernel selftest
PHONY += kselftest
kselftest:
$(Q)$(MAKE) -C $(srctree)/tools/testing/selftests run_tests
kselftest-%: FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) -C $(srctree)/tools/testing/selftests $*
PHONY += kselftest-merge
kselftest-merge:
$(if $(wildcard $(objtree)/.config),, $(error No .config exists, config your kernel first!))
$(Q)find $(srctree)/tools/testing/selftests -name config | \
xargs $(srctree)/scripts/kconfig/merge_config.sh -m $(objtree)/.config
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile olddefconfig
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Devicetree files
ifneq ($(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/boot/dts/),)
dtstree := arch/$(SRCARCH)/boot/dts
endif
ifneq ($(dtstree),)
%.dtb: include/config/kernel.release scripts_dtc
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(dtstree) $(dtstree)/$@
PHONY += dtbs dtbs_install dt_binding_check
dtbs dtbs_check: include/config/kernel.release scripts_dtc
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(dtstree)
dtbs_check: export CHECK_DTBS=1
dtbs_check: dt_binding_check
dtbs_install:
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(dtbinst)=$(dtstree)
ifdef CONFIG_OF_EARLY_FLATTREE
all: dtbs
endif
endif
PHONY += scripts_dtc
scripts_dtc: scripts_basic
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/dtc
dt_binding_check: scripts_dtc
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=Documentation/devicetree/bindings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Modules
ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
# By default, build modules as well
all: modules
# Build modules
#
# A module can be listed more than once in obj-m resulting in
# duplicate lines in modules.order files. Those are removed
# using awk while concatenating to the final file.
PHONY += modules
modules: $(if $(KBUILD_BUILTIN),vmlinux) modules.order modules.builtin
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost
$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/modules-check.sh
modules.order: descend
$(Q)$(AWK) '!x[$$0]++' $(addsuffix /$@, $(build-dirs)) > $@
modbuiltin-dirs := $(addprefix _modbuiltin_, $(build-dirs))
modules.builtin: $(modbuiltin-dirs)
$(Q)$(AWK) '!x[$$0]++' $(addsuffix /$@, $(build-dirs)) > $@
PHONY += $(modbuiltin-dirs)
# tristate.conf is not included from this Makefile. Add it as a prerequisite
# here to make it self-healing in case somebody accidentally removes it.
$(modbuiltin-dirs): include/config/tristate.conf
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(modbuiltin)=$(patsubst _modbuiltin_%,%,$@)
# Target to prepare building external modules
PHONY += modules_prepare
modules_prepare: prepare
# Target to install modules
PHONY += modules_install
modules_install: _modinst_ _modinst_post
PHONY += _modinst_
_modinst_:
@rm -rf $(MODLIB)/kernel
@rm -f $(MODLIB)/source
@mkdir -p $(MODLIB)/kernel
@ln -s $(abspath $(srctree)) $(MODLIB)/source
@if [ ! $(objtree) -ef $(MODLIB)/build ]; then \
rm -f $(MODLIB)/build ; \
ln -s $(CURDIR) $(MODLIB)/build ; \
fi
@sed 's:^:kernel/:' modules.order > $(MODLIB)/modules.order
@sed 's:^:kernel/:' modules.builtin > $(MODLIB)/modules.builtin
@cp -f $(objtree)/modules.builtin.modinfo $(MODLIB)/
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modinst
# This depmod is only for convenience to give the initial
# boot a modules.dep even before / is mounted read-write. However the
# boot script depmod is the master version.
PHONY += _modinst_post
_modinst_post: _modinst_
$(call cmd,depmod)
ifeq ($(CONFIG_MODULE_SIG), y)
PHONY += modules_sign
modules_sign:
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modsign
endif
else # CONFIG_MODULES
# Modules not configured
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PHONY += modules modules_install
modules modules_install:
@echo >&2
@echo >&2 "The present kernel configuration has modules disabled."
@echo >&2 "Type 'make config' and enable loadable module support."
@echo >&2 "Then build a kernel with module support enabled."
@echo >&2
@exit 1
endif # CONFIG_MODULES
###
# Cleaning is done on three levels.
# make clean Delete most generated files
# Leave enough to build external modules
# make mrproper Delete the current configuration, and all generated files
# make distclean Remove editor backup files, patch leftover files and the like
# Directories & files removed with 'make clean'
CLEAN_DIRS += include/ksym
CLEAN_FILES += modules.builtin.modinfo modules.nsdeps
# Directories & files removed with 'make mrproper'
MRPROPER_DIRS += include/config include/generated \
arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/generated .tmp_objdiff \
debian/ snap/ tar-install/
MRPROPER_FILES += .config .config.old .version \
Module.symvers \
signing_key.pem signing_key.priv signing_key.x509 \
x509.genkey extra_certificates signing_key.x509.keyid \
signing_key.x509.signer vmlinux-gdb.py \
*.spec
# Directories & files removed with 'make distclean'
DISTCLEAN_DIRS +=
DISTCLEAN_FILES += tags TAGS cscope* GPATH GTAGS GRTAGS GSYMS
# clean - Delete most, but leave enough to build external modules
#
clean: rm-dirs := $(CLEAN_DIRS)
clean: rm-files := $(CLEAN_FILES)
PHONY += archclean vmlinuxclean
vmlinuxclean:
$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh clean
$(Q)$(if $(ARCH_POSTLINK), $(MAKE) -f $(ARCH_POSTLINK) clean)
clean: archclean vmlinuxclean
# mrproper - Delete all generated files, including .config
#
mrproper: rm-dirs := $(wildcard $(MRPROPER_DIRS))
mrproper: rm-files := $(wildcard $(MRPROPER_FILES))
mrproper-dirs := $(addprefix _mrproper_,scripts)
PHONY += $(mrproper-dirs) mrproper
$(mrproper-dirs):
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(patsubst _mrproper_%,%,$@)
mrproper: clean $(mrproper-dirs)
$(call cmd,rmdirs)
$(call cmd,rmfiles)
# distclean
#
distclean: rm-dirs := $(wildcard $(DISTCLEAN_DIRS))
distclean: rm-files := $(wildcard $(DISTCLEAN_FILES))
PHONY += distclean
distclean: mrproper
$(call cmd,rmdirs)
$(call cmd,rmfiles)
@find $(srctree) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
\( -name '*.orig' -o -name '*.rej' -o -name '*~' \
-o -name '*.bak' -o -name '#*#' -o -name '*%' \
-o -name 'core' \) \
-type f -print | xargs rm -f
# Packaging of the kernel to various formats
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
%src-pkg: FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.package $@
%pkg: include/config/kernel.release FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.package $@
# Brief documentation of the typical targets used
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
boards := $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/*_defconfig)
boards := $(sort $(notdir $(boards)))
board-dirs := $(dir $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/*/*_defconfig))
board-dirs := $(sort $(notdir $(board-dirs:/=)))
PHONY += help
help:
@echo 'Cleaning targets:'
@echo ' clean - Remove most generated files but keep the config and'
@echo ' enough build support to build external modules'
@echo ' mrproper - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files'
@echo ' distclean - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files'
@echo ''
@echo 'Configuration targets:'
@$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/kconfig/Makefile help
@echo ''
@echo 'Other generic targets:'
@echo ' all - Build all targets marked with [*]'
@echo '* vmlinux - Build the bare kernel'
@echo '* modules - Build all modules'
@echo ' modules_install - Install all modules to INSTALL_MOD_PATH (default: /)'
@echo ' dir/ - Build all files in dir and below'
@echo ' dir/file.[ois] - Build specified target only'
@echo ' dir/file.ll - Build the LLVM assembly file'
@echo ' (requires compiler support for LLVM assembly generation)'
@echo ' dir/file.lst - Build specified mixed source/assembly target only'
@echo ' (requires a recent binutils and recent build (System.map))'
@echo ' dir/file.ko - Build module including final link'
@echo ' modules_prepare - Set up for building external modules'
@echo ' tags/TAGS - Generate tags file for editors'
@echo ' cscope - Generate cscope index'
@echo ' gtags - Generate GNU GLOBAL index'
@echo ' kernelrelease - Output the release version string (use with make -s)'
@echo ' kernelversion - Output the version stored in Makefile (use with make -s)'
@echo ' image_name - Output the image name (use with make -s)'
@echo ' headers_install - Install sanitised kernel headers to INSTALL_HDR_PATH'; \
echo ' (default: $(INSTALL_HDR_PATH))'; \
echo ''
@echo 'Static analysers:'
@echo ' checkstack - Generate a list of stack hogs'
@echo ' namespacecheck - Name space analysis on compiled kernel'
@echo ' versioncheck - Sanity check on version.h usage'
@echo ' includecheck - Check for duplicate included header files'
@echo ' export_report - List the usages of all exported symbols'
@echo ' headerdep - Detect inclusion cycles in headers'
@echo ' coccicheck - Check with Coccinelle'
@echo ''
@echo 'Tools:'
@echo ' nsdeps - Generate missing symbol namespace dependencies'
@echo ''
@echo 'Kernel selftest:'
@echo ' kselftest - Build and run kernel selftest (run as root)'
@echo ' Build, install, and boot kernel before'
@echo ' running kselftest on it'
@echo ' kselftest-clean - Remove all generated kselftest files'
@echo ' kselftest-merge - Merge all the config dependencies of kselftest to existing'
@echo ' .config.'
@echo ''
@$(if $(dtstree), \
echo 'Devicetree:'; \
echo '* dtbs - Build device tree blobs for enabled boards'; \
echo ' dtbs_install - Install dtbs to $(INSTALL_DTBS_PATH)'; \
echo ' dt_binding_check - Validate device tree binding documents'; \
echo ' dtbs_check - Validate device tree source files';\
echo '')
@echo 'Userspace tools targets:'
@echo ' use "make tools/help"'
@echo ' or "cd tools; make help"'
@echo ''
@echo 'Kernel packaging:'
@$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.package help
@echo ''
@echo 'Documentation targets:'
@$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Documentation/Makefile dochelp
@echo ''
@echo 'Architecture specific targets ($(SRCARCH)):'
@$(if $(archhelp),$(archhelp),\
echo ' No architecture specific help defined for $(SRCARCH)')
@echo ''
@$(if $(boards), \
$(foreach b, $(boards), \
printf " %-27s - Build for %s\\n" $(b) $(subst _defconfig,,$(b));) \
echo '')
@$(if $(board-dirs), \
$(foreach b, $(board-dirs), \
printf " %-16s - Show %s-specific targets\\n" help-$(b) $(b);) \
printf " %-16s - Show all of the above\\n" help-boards; \
echo '')
@echo ' make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build'
@echo ' make V=2 [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target'
@echo ' make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config'
@echo ' make C=1 [targets] Check re-compiled c source with $$CHECK'
@echo ' (sparse by default)'
@echo ' make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $$CHECK'
@echo ' make RECORDMCOUNT_WARN=1 [targets] Warn about ignored mcount sections'
@echo ' make W=n [targets] Enable extra build checks, n=1,2,3 where'
@echo ' 1: warnings which may be relevant and do not occur too often'
@echo ' 2: warnings which occur quite often but may still be relevant'
@echo ' 3: more obscure warnings, can most likely be ignored'
@echo ' Multiple levels can be combined with W=12 or W=123'
@echo ''
@echo 'Execute "make" or "make all" to build all targets marked with [*] '
@echo 'For further info see the ./README file'
help-board-dirs := $(addprefix help-,$(board-dirs))
help-boards: $(help-board-dirs)
boards-per-dir = $(sort $(notdir $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/$*/*_defconfig)))
$(help-board-dirs): help-%:
@echo 'Architecture specific targets ($(SRCARCH) $*):'
@$(if $(boards-per-dir), \
$(foreach b, $(boards-per-dir), \
printf " %-24s - Build for %s\\n" $*/$(b) $(subst _defconfig,,$(b));) \
echo '')
# Documentation targets
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOC_TARGETS := xmldocs latexdocs pdfdocs htmldocs epubdocs cleandocs \
linkcheckdocs dochelp refcheckdocs
PHONY += $(DOC_TARGETS)
$(DOC_TARGETS):
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=Documentation $@
# Misc
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PHONY += scripts_gdb
scripts_gdb: prepare0
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/gdb
$(Q)ln -fsn $(abspath $(srctree)/scripts/gdb/vmlinux-gdb.py)
ifdef CONFIG_GDB_SCRIPTS
all: scripts_gdb
endif
else # KBUILD_EXTMOD
###
# External module support.
# When building external modules the kernel used as basis is considered
# read-only, and no consistency checks are made and the make
# system is not used on the basis kernel. If updates are required
# in the basis kernel ordinary make commands (without M=...) must
# be used.
#
# The following are the only valid targets when building external
# modules.
# make M=dir clean Delete all automatically generated files
# make M=dir modules Make all modules in specified dir
# make M=dir Same as 'make M=dir modules'
# make M=dir modules_install
# Install the modules built in the module directory
# Assumes install directory is already created
# We are always building modules
KBUILD_MODULES := 1
PHONY += $(objtree)/Module.symvers
$(objtree)/Module.symvers:
@test -e $(objtree)/Module.symvers || ( \
echo; \
echo " WARNING: Symbol version dump $(objtree)/Module.symvers"; \
echo " is missing; modules will have no dependencies and modversions."; \
echo )
build-dirs := $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)
PHONY += modules
modules: descend $(objtree)/Module.symvers
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost
PHONY += modules_install
modules_install: _emodinst_ _emodinst_post
install-dir := $(if $(INSTALL_MOD_DIR),$(INSTALL_MOD_DIR),extra)
PHONY += _emodinst_
_emodinst_:
$(Q)mkdir -p $(MODLIB)/$(install-dir)
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modinst
PHONY += _emodinst_post
_emodinst_post: _emodinst_
$(call cmd,depmod)
clean-dirs := $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)
clean: rm-files := $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/Module.symvers $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/modules.nsdeps
PHONY += /
/:
@echo >&2 '"$(MAKE) /" is no longer supported. Please use "$(MAKE) ./" instead.'
PHONY += help
help:
@echo ' Building external modules.'
@echo ' Syntax: make -C path/to/kernel/src M=$$PWD target'
@echo ''
@echo ' modules - default target, build the module(s)'
@echo ' modules_install - install the module'
@echo ' clean - remove generated files in module directory only'
@echo ''
PHONY += prepare
endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD
# Single targets
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# To build individual files in subdirectories, you can do like this:
#
# make foo/bar/baz.s
#
# The supported suffixes for single-target are listed in 'single-targets'
#
# To build only under specific subdirectories, you can do like this:
#
# make foo/bar/baz/
ifdef single-build
# .ko is special because modpost is needed
single-ko := $(sort $(filter %.ko, $(MAKECMDGOALS)))
single-no-ko := $(sort $(patsubst %.ko,%.mod, $(MAKECMDGOALS)))
$(single-ko): single_modpost
@:
$(single-no-ko): descend
@:
ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
# For the single build of in-tree modules, use a temporary file to avoid
# the situation of modules_install installing an invalid modules.order.
MODORDER := .modules.tmp
endif
PHONY += single_modpost
single_modpost: $(single-no-ko)
$(Q){ $(foreach m, $(single-ko), echo $(extmod-prefix)$m;) } > $(MODORDER)
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost
KBUILD_MODULES := 1
export KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS := $(addprefix $(extmod-prefix), $(single-no-ko))
# trim unrelated directories
build-dirs := $(foreach d, $(build-dirs), \
$(if $(filter $(d)/%, $(KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS)), $(d)))
endif
# Handle descending into subdirectories listed in $(build-dirs)
# Preset locale variables to speed up the build process. Limit locale
# tweaks to this spot to avoid wrong language settings when running
# make menuconfig etc.
# Error messages still appears in the original language
PHONY += descend $(build-dirs)
descend: $(build-dirs)
build-dirs
build-dirs 等于 vmlinux**-**dirs
目标 build-dirs依赖 prepare 。build 前面已经说了，值为“-f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj”，展开
就是：
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=init
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=usr
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/vfp
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/vdso
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/kernel
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/mm
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/common
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/probes
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/net
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/crypto
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/firmware
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/mach-imx
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=kernel
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=mm
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=fs
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=ipc
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=security
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=crypto
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=block
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=drivers
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=sound
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=firmware
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=net
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/lib
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=lib
这些命令运行过程其实都是一样的，我们就以“@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=init”
这个命令为例，讲解一下详细的运行过程。这里又要用到 Makefile.build 这个脚本了，此脚本默
认目标为__build
当 只 编 译 Linux 内 核 镜 像 文 件 ， 也 就 是 使 用 “ make zImage ” 编 译 的 时 候 ，
KBUILD_BUILTIN=1，KBUILD_MODULES 为空。“make”命令是会编译所有的东西，包括 Linux
内核镜像文件和一些模块文件。如果只编译 Linux 内核镜像的话，__build 目标简化为：
__build: $(builtin-target) $(lib-target) $(extra-y)) $(subdir-ym) $(always)
@:
重点来看一下 builtin-target 这个依赖，builtin-target 同样定义在文件 scripts/Makefile.build
中
ifneq ($(strip $(obj-y) $(obj-m) $(obj-) $(subdir-m) $(lib-target)),)
builtin-target := $(obj)/built-in.o
endif
built-in.o
builtin-target 变量的值，为“$(obj)/built-in.o”，这就是这些 built-in.o 的来源了。
要生成 built-in.o，要求 obj-y、obj-m、obj-、subdir-m 和 lib-target 这些变量不能全部为空。最后
一个问题：built-in.o 是怎么生成的？在文件 scripts/Makefile.build 中有如下代码：
cmd_link_o_target = $(if $(strip $(obj-y)),\
$(LD) $(ld_flags) -r -o $@ $(filter $(obj-y), $^)\
$(cmd_secanalysis),\
rm -f $@; ( A R ) r c s (AR)rcs (AR)rcs(KBUILD_ARFLAGS) $@)
$(builtin-target): $(obj-y) FORCE
$(call if_changed,link_o_target)
$(build-dirs): prepare
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$@ \
single-build=$(if $(filter-out $@/, $(filter $@/%, $(single-no-ko))),1) \
need-builtin=1 need-modorder=1
clean部分
clean-dirs := $(addprefix _clean_, $(clean-dirs))
PHONY += $(clean-dirs) clean
$(clean-dirs):
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(patsubst _clean_%,%,$@)
clean: $(clean-dirs)
$(call cmd,rmdirs)
$(call cmd,rmfiles)
@find $(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD), $(KBUILD_EXTMOD), .) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
\( -name '*.[aios]' -o -name '*.ko' -o -name '.*.cmd' \
-o -name '*.ko.*' \
-o -name '*.dtb' -o -name '*.dtb.S' -o -name '*.dt.yaml' \
-o -name '*.dwo' -o -name '*.lst' \
-o -name '*.su' -o -name '*.mod' \
-o -name '.*.d' -o -name '.*.tmp' -o -name '*.mod.c' \
-o -name '*.lex.c' -o -name '*.tab.[ch]' \
-o -name '*.asn1.[ch]' \
-o -name '*.symtypes' -o -name 'modules.order' \
-o -name modules.builtin -o -name '.tmp_*.o.*' \
-o -name '*.c.[012]*.*' \
-o -name '*.ll' \
-o -name '*.gcno' \) -type f -print | xargs rm -f
# Generate tags for editors
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
quiet_cmd_tags = GEN $@
cmd_tags = $(BASH) $(srctree)/scripts/tags.sh $@
tags TAGS cscope gtags: FORCE
$(call cmd,tags)
# Script to generate missing namespace dependencies
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PHONY += nsdeps
nsdeps: export KBUILD_NSDEPS=1
nsdeps: modules
$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/nsdeps
# Scripts to check various things for consistency
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PHONY += includecheck versioncheck coccicheck namespacecheck export_report
includecheck:
find $(srctree)/* $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
-name '*.[hcS]' -type f -print | sort \
| xargs $(PERL) -w $(srctree)/scripts/checkincludes.pl
versioncheck:
find $(srctree)/* $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
-name '*.[hcS]' -type f -print | sort \
| xargs $(PERL) -w $(srctree)/scripts/checkversion.pl
coccicheck:
$(Q)$(BASH) $(srctree)/scripts/$@
namespacecheck:
$(PERL) $(srctree)/scripts/namespace.pl
export_report:
$(PERL) $(srctree)/scripts/export_report.pl
PHONY += checkstack kernelrelease kernelversion image_name
# UML needs a little special treatment here. It wants to use the host
# toolchain, so needs $(SUBARCH) passed to checkstack.pl. Everyone
# else wants $(ARCH), including people doing cross-builds, which means
# that $(SUBARCH) doesn't work here.
ifeq ($(ARCH), um)
CHECKSTACK_ARCH := $(SUBARCH)
else
CHECKSTACK_ARCH := $(ARCH)
endif
checkstack:
$(OBJDUMP) -d vmlinux $$(find . -name '*.ko') | \
$(PERL) $(srctree)/scripts/checkstack.pl $(CHECKSTACK_ARCH)
kernelrelease:
@echo "$(KERNELVERSION)$$($(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/setlocalversion $(srctree))"
kernelversion:
@echo $(KERNELVERSION)
image_name:
@echo $(KBUILD_IMAGE)
# Clear a bunch of variables before executing the submake
ifeq ($(quiet),silent_)
tools_silent=s
endif
tools/: FORCE
$(Q)mkdir -p $(objtree)/tools
$(Q)$(MAKE) LDFLAGS= MAKEFLAGS="$(tools_silent) $(filter --j% -j,$(MAKEFLAGS))" O=$(abspath $(objtree)) subdir=tools -C $(srctree)/tools/
tools/%: FORCE
$(Q)mkdir -p $(objtree)/tools
$(Q)$(MAKE) LDFLAGS= MAKEFLAGS="$(tools_silent) $(filter --j% -j,$(MAKEFLAGS))" O=$(abspath $(objtree)) subdir=tools -C $(srctree)/tools/ $*
# FIXME Should go into a make.lib or something
# ===========================================================================
quiet_cmd_rmdirs = $(if $(wildcard $(rm-dirs)),CLEAN $(wildcard $(rm-dirs)))
cmd_rmdirs = rm -rf $(rm-dirs)
quiet_cmd_rmfiles = $(if $(wildcard $(rm-files)),CLEAN $(wildcard $(rm-files)))
cmd_rmfiles = rm -f $(rm-files)
# Run depmod only if we have System.map and depmod is executable
quiet_cmd_depmod = DEPMOD $(KERNELRELEASE)
cmd_depmod = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/depmod.sh $(DEPMOD) \
$(KERNELRELEASE)
# read saved command lines for existing targets
existing-targets := $(wildcard $(sort $(targets)))
-include $(foreach f,$(existing-targets),$(dir $(f)).$(notdir $(f)).cmd)
endif # config-targets
endif # mixed-build
endif # need-sub-make
PHONY += FORCE
FORCE:
# Declare the contents of the PHONY variable as phony. We keep that
# information in a variable so we can use it in if_changed and friends.
.PHONY: $(PHONY)
make zImage 过程
arch/arm/Makefile 中
310行
BOOT_TARGETS = zImage Image xipImage bootpImage uImage
INSTALL_TARGETS = zinstall uinstall install
PHONY += bzImage $(BOOT_TARGETS) $(INSTALL_TARGETS)
$(BOOT_TARGETS): vmlinux
(
Q
)
(Q)
(Q)(MAKE)
(
b
u
i
l
d
)
=
(build)=
(build)=(boot) MACHINE=$(MACHINE)
(
b
o
o
t
)
/
(boot)/
(boot)/@
变量 BOOT_TARGETS 包含 zImage，Image，xipImage 等镜像文件。
BOOT_TARGETS 依赖 vmlinux，因此如果使用“make zImage”编译的 Linux 内
核的话，首先肯定要先编译出 vmlinux。 ，具体的命令，比如要编译 zImage，那么命令展开以后如下所示：
@ make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot MACHINE=arch/arm/boot/zImage
是使用 scripts/Makefile.build 文件来完成 vmliux 到 zImage 的转换
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