详细代码见:github代码地址
本节内容:
1) 静态同步synchronized方法与synchronized(class)代码块
2) Class锁可以对类的所有对象实例起作用
3) 数据类型String的常量池特性
6) 细化验证3个结论
"synchronized(非this对象x)"格式的写法是将x对象本身作为"对象监视器",这样就可以
得出以下3个结论:
1: 当多个线程同时执行synchronized(x){}同步代码块时呈同步效果
2: 当其他线程执行x对象中synchronized同步方法时呈同步效果
3: 当其他线程执行x对象方法里面的synchronized(this)代码块时呈同步效果
验证第一个结论:
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_8.project_1_synchronizedBlockLockAll.test1;
public class MyObject {
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_8.project_1_synchronizedBlockLockAll.test1;
public class Service {
public void testMethod1(MyObject object) {
synchronized(object) {
try {
System.out.println("testMethod1 ___getLock time="
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + " run ThreadName="
+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println("testMethod1 releaseLock time="
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + " run ThreadName="
+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_8.project_1_synchronizedBlockLockAll.test1;
public class ThreadA extends Thread{
private Service service;
private MyObject object;
public ThreadA(Service service, MyObject object) {
super();
this.service = service;
this.object = object;
}
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
service.testMethod1(object);
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_8.project_1_synchronizedBlockLockAll.test1;
public class ThreadB extends Thread{
private Service service;
private MyObject object;
public ThreadB(Service service, MyObject object) {
super();
this.service = service;
this.object = object;
}
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
service.testMethod1(object);
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_8.project_1_synchronizedBlockLockAll.test1;
public class Run1_1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Service service = new Service();
MyObject object = new MyObject();
ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service, object);
a.setName("a");
a.start();
ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service, object);
b.setName("b");
b.start();
}
}
/*
result:
testMethod1 ___getLock time=1539676986180 run ThreadName=a
testMethod1 releaseLock time=1539676988180 run ThreadName=a
testMethod1 ___getLock time=1539676988180 run ThreadName=b
testMethod1 releaseLock time=1539676990180 run ThreadName=b
同步的原因是使用了同一个"对象监视器".
*/
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_8.project_1_synchronizedBlockLockAll.test1;
public class Run1_2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Service service = new Service();
MyObject object1 = new MyObject();
MyObject object2 = new MyObject();
ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service, object1);
a.setName("a");
a.start();
ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service, object2);
b.setName("b");
b.start();
}
}
/*
使用不同的"对象监视器"的result:
testMethod1 ___getLock time=1539677091933 run ThreadName=a
testMethod1 ___getLock time=1539677091933 run ThreadName=b
testMethod1 releaseLock time=1539677093934 run ThreadName=a
testMethod1 releaseLock time=1539677093934 run ThreadName=b
*/
验证第二个结论和第三个结论:
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_8.project_1_synchronizedBlockLockAll.test2;
public class MyObject {
synchronized public void speedPrintString() {
// public void speedPrintString() {
// synchronized(this) {
System.out.println("speedPrintString __getLock time="
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + " run ThreadName="
+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
System.out.println("----------------------");
System.out.println("speedPrintString releaseLock time="
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + " run ThreadName="
+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
// }
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_8.project_1_synchronizedBlockLockAll.test2;
public class Service {
public void testMethod1(MyObject object) {
synchronized(object) {
try {
System.out.println("testMethod1 ___getLock time="
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + " run ThreadName="
+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println("testMethod1 releaseLock time="
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + " run ThreadName="
+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_8.project_1_synchronizedBlockLockAll.test2;
public class ThreadA extends Thread{
private MyObject object;
private Service service;
public ThreadA(Service service, MyObject object) {
super();
this.service = service;
this.object = object;
}
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
service.testMethod1(object);
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_8.project_1_synchronizedBlockLockAll.test2;
public class ThreadB extends Thread{
private MyObject object;
public ThreadB(MyObject object) {
super();
this.object = object;
}
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
object.speedPrintString();
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_8.project_1_synchronizedBlockLockAll.test2;
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Service service = new Service();
MyObject object = new MyObject();
ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service, object);
a.setName("a");
a.start();
Thread.sleep(100);
ThreadB b = new ThreadB(object);
b.setName("b");
b.start();
}
}
/*
不去掉注释result:
testMethod1 ___getLock time=1539679985913 run ThreadName=a
testMethod1 releaseLock time=1539679990916 run ThreadName=a
speedPrintString __getLock time=1539679990916 run ThreadName=b
----------------------
speedPrintString releaseLock time=1539679990916 run ThreadName=b
去掉注释,改成synchronized(this)代码块可以看到结果是同步效果
result:
testMethod1 ___getLock time=1539683725343 run ThreadName=a
testMethod1 releaseLock time=1539683730343 run ThreadName=a
speedPrintString __getLock time=1539683730343 run ThreadName=b
----------------------
speedPrintString releaseLock time=1539683730344 run ThreadName=b
*/
7) 静态同步synchronized方法与synchronized(class)代码块
关键字synchronized还可以应用在static静态方法上,如果这样写,那是对当前的
*.java文件对应的Class类进行持锁。
举个例子:
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_9.project_1_synStaticMethod;
public class Service {
synchronized public static void printA() {
try {
System.out.println("线程名称为: " + Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printA");
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("线程名称为: " + Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printA");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
synchronized public static void printB() {
System.out.println("线程名称为: " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printB");
System.out.println("线程名称为: " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printB");
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_9.project_1_synStaticMethod;
public class ThreadA extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
Service.printA();
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_9.project_1_synStaticMethod;
public class ThreadB extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
Service.printB();
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_9.project_1_synStaticMethod;
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadA a = new ThreadA();
a.setName("A");
a.start();
ThreadB b = new ThreadB();
b.setName("B");
b.start();
}
}
/*
result:
线程名称为: A在1539688152259进入printA
线程名称为: A在1539688155259离开printA
线程名称为: B在1539688155259进入printB
线程名称为: B在1539688155259离开printB
*/
结果分析:
运行结果是同步运行,synchronized关键字加到static静态方法上是给Class类上锁。
验证synchronized同步方法和synchronized静态方法不是给同一个对象上锁。
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_9.project_2_synTwoLock;
public class Service {
synchronized public static void printA() {
try {
System.out.println("线程名称为: " + Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printA");
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("线程名称为: " + Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printA");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
synchronized public static void printB() {
System.out.println("线程名称为:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printB");
System.out.println("线程名称为:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printB");
}
synchronized public void printC() {
System.out.println("线程名称为:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printC");
System.out.println("线程名称为:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printC");
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_9.project_2_synTwoLock;
public class ThreadA extends Thread{
private Service service;
public ThreadA(Service service) {
super();
this.service =service;
}
@Override
public void run() {
service.printA();
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_9.project_2_synTwoLock;
public class ThreadB extends Thread{
private Service service;
public ThreadB(Service service) {
super();
this.service = service;
}
@Override
public void run() {
service.printB();
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_9.project_2_synTwoLock;
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Service service = new Service();
ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service);
a.setName("A");
a.start();
ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service);
b.setName("B");
b.start();
ThreadC c = new ThreadC(service);
c.setName("C");
c.start();
}
}
/*
result:
线程名称为: A在1539689461825进入printA
线程名称为:C在1539689461826进入printC
线程名称为:C在1539689461826离开printC
线程名称为: A在1539689464825离开printA
线程名称为:B在1539689464825进入printB
线程名称为:B在1539689464825离开printB
*/
结果分析:
可以看到AC线程是异步执行,AB线程是同步执行
异步的原因是持有不同的锁,一个是对象锁,另一个是Class锁。
验证: Class锁可以对类的所有对象实例起作用
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_9.project_3_synMoreObjectStaticOneLock;
public class Service {
// synchronized public static void printA() {
public static void printA() {
synchronized (Service.class) {
try {
System.out.println("线程名称为:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printA");
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("线程名称为:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printA");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
// synchronized public void printB() {
public static void printB() {
synchronized (Service.class) {
System.out.println("线程名称为:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printB");
System.out.println("线程名称为:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printB");
}
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_9.project_3_synMoreObjectStaticOneLock;
public class ThreadA extends Thread {
private Service service;
public ThreadA(Service service) {
super();
this.service = service;
}
@Override
public void run() {
service.printA();
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_9.project_3_synMoreObjectStaticOneLock;
public class ThreadB extends Thread {
private Service service;
public ThreadB(Service service) {
super();
this.service = service;
}
@Override
public void run() {
service.printB();
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_9.project_3_synMoreObjectStaticOneLock;
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Service service1 = new Service();
Service service2 = new Service();
ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service1);
a.setName("A");
a.start();
ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service2);
b.setName("B");
b.start();
}
}
/*
result:
线程名称为:A在1539690179686进入printA
线程名称为:A在1539690182687离开printA
线程名称为:B在1539690182687进入printB
线程名称为:B在1539690182687离开printB
*/
结果分析:
虽然是不同对象但静态的同步方法还是同步运行
同步synchronized(class)代码块的作用其实和synchronized static方法的作用一样。
3. 数据类型String的常量池特性
在JVM中具有String常量池缓存的功能,将synchronized(string)同步快与String联合
时,要注意常量池带来的一些意外。
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_10.project_1_StringAndSyn;
public class Service {
public static void print(String stringParam) {
try {
synchronized(stringParam) {
while(true) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_10.project_1_StringAndSyn;
public class ThreadA extends Thread {
private Service service;
public ThreadA(Service service) {
super();
this.service = service;
}
@Override
public void run() {
service.print("AA");
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_10.project_1_StringAndSyn;
public class ThreadB extends Thread {
private Service service;
public ThreadB(Service service) {
super();
this.service = service;
}
@Override
public void run() {
service.print("AA");
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_10.project_1_StringAndSyn;
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Service service = new Service();
ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service);
a.setName("A");
a.start();
ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service);
b.setName("B");
b.start();
}
}
/*
result:
..........
A
A
A
A
A
A
..........
*/
结果分析:
Sting的两个值都是AA,两个线程持有相同的锁,所以造成B线程不能执行。这是因为String常量池带来的问题。
因此在大多数情况下,同步synchronized代码块都不使用String作为锁对象,而改用其他,例如new Object()
实例化一个Object对象,但它并不放入缓存中。
4. 同步synchronized方法无限等待与解决
同步方法容易造成死循环
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_11.project_1_twoStop;
public class Service {
synchronized public void methodA() {
// public void methodA() {
// Object object1 = new Object();
// synchronized(object1) {
System.out.println("methodA begin");
boolean isContinueRun = true;
while(isContinueRun) {
}
System.out.println("methodA end");
// }
}
synchronized public void methodB() {
// public void methodB() {
// Object object2 = new Object();
// synchronized(object2) {
System.out.println("methodB begin");
System.out.println("methodB end");
// }
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_11.project_1_twoStop;
public class ThreadA extends Thread{
private Service service;
public ThreadA(Service service) {
super();
this.service = service;
}
@Override
public void run() {
service.methodA();
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_11.project_1_twoStop;
public class ThreadB extends Thread{
private Service service;
public ThreadB(Service service) {
super();
this.service = service;
}
@Override
public void run() {
service.methodB();
}
}
package chapter02.section02.thread_2_2_11.project_1_twoStop;
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Service service = new Service();
ThreadA athread = new ThreadA(service);
athread.start();
ThreadB bthread = new ThreadB(service);
bthread.start();
}
}
/*
带上注释线程B永远得不到运行的机会,锁死了:
methodA begin
不带上注释不在出现同步等待的情况:
methodA begin
methodB begin
methodB end
*/