list切片(know how to slice sequences)

刚读了Effective Python

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a = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h']
print('first four: ',a[:4])#['a','b','c','d']
print('Last four: ',a[-4:])#['e','f','g','h']
print('Middle two: ',a[3:-3])#['d','e']

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assert a[:5] == a[0:5]
assert a[5:] == a[5:len(a)]

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a[:20] # ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h']
a[-20:] # ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h']  
a[20] # IndexError: list index out of range

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a = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h']
a[2:7] = [99,22,14]
print(a) #['a','b',99,22,14,'h']

b = a[:]
assert b == a and b is not a

b = a
assert a is b # still the same list object

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avoid using start,end,and stride in a single slice
[ start: end: stride]

a = ['red','orange','yellow','green','blue','purple']
odds = a[::2] # ['red','yellow','blue']
evens = a[1::2] # ['orange','green','purple']
x = b'mongoose'# type(x) <class 'bytes'>(in python3)
y = x[::-1]
print(y)# b'esoognom'

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#specifying start, end, and stride in a slice can be extremely confusing
#prefer using positive stride values in slice widthout start or end indexs.Avoid negative stride values if possible