Ribbon客户端负载均衡，自定义负载均衡规则

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-01 17:25:16 发布

昌杰的攻城狮之路

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-01 17:25:16 发布

阅读量771

点赞数

分类专栏：搭建环境 spring cloud 微服务实战文章标签： spring cloud ribbon 自定义ribbon规则 Greenwich

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32352777/article/details/94740336

版权

微服务实战同时被 3 个专栏收录

21 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

spring cloud

20 篇文章 5 订阅

订阅专栏

搭建环境

14 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

一、为消费者整合Ribbon

二、自定义Ribbon负载均衡规则

1、使用Java代码自定义Ribbon负载均衡规则

2、使用属性自定义Ribbon负载均衡规则

Spring Cloud Ribbon是一个基于HTTP和TCP的客户端负载均衡工具，它基于Netflix Ribbon实现。通过Spring Cloud的封装，可以让我们轻松地将面向服务的REST模版请求自动转换成客户端负载均衡的服务调用。Spring Cloud Ribbon虽然只是一个工具类框架，它不像服务注册中心、配置中心、API网关那样需要独立部署，但是它几乎存在于每一个Spring Cloud构建的微服务和基础设施中。因为微服务间的调用，API网关的请求转发等内容，实际上都是通过Ribbon来实现的，包括后续我们将要介绍的Feign，它也是基于Ribbon实现的工具。所以，对Spring Cloud Ribbon的理解和使用，对于我们使用Spring Cloud来构建微服务非常重要。

一、为消费者整合Ribbon

1、复制项目eureka-client-consumer为eureka-client-consumer-ribbon

2、向pom.xml添加依赖：

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>

3、为RestTemplate添加@LoadBalanced注解

package com.springclouddemo.eurekaclientconsumerribbon;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @author 何昌杰
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class EurekaClientConsumerRibbonApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientConsumerRibbonApplication.class, args);
	}

	@Bean
    @LoadBalanced
	public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
		return new RestTemplate();
	}

}

只需要添加@LoadBalanced注解就可以为RestTemplate整合Ribbon实现负载均衡。

4、修改DemoController如下：

package com.springclouddemo.eurekaclientconsumerribbon.controllers;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @author 何昌杰
 */
@RestController
public class DemoController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Autowired
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;

    @GetMapping("/helloribbon")
    public void ribbonDemo(){
        ServiceInstance choose = this.loadBalancerClient.choose("eureka-client-provider");
        System.out.println((choose.getInstanceId() + "," + choose.getHost() + ":" + choose.getPort()));
    }

    @GetMapping("/hello/{name}")
    public String demo1(@PathVariable("name") String name){
        return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:7100/hello/"+name,String.class);
    }
}

5、修改application配置文件

spring.application.name=eureka-client-consumer-ribbon
server.port=7201
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:7000/eureka/
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true

6、启动main

启动eureka-client-consumer-ribbon实例后，再启动两个eureka-client-provider实例端口分别为7100、7101。

eureka-client-consumer-ribbon作为服务消费者去消费eureka-client-provider。

idea使用不同端口启动同一项目的方法大家可以查看这篇文章。

通过浏览器多次访问http://localhost:7201/helloribbon

2019-07-06 21:32:07.796  INFO 10760 --- [nio-7201-exec-7] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:32:07.968  INFO 10760 --- [nio-7201-exec-9] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7100,192.168.1.108:7100
2019-07-06 21:32:08.152  INFO 10760 --- [nio-7201-exec-1] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:32:08.320  INFO 10760 --- [nio-7201-exec-3] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7100,192.168.1.108:7100
2019-07-06 21:32:08.496  INFO 10760 --- [nio-7201-exec-5] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:32:08.672  INFO 10760 --- [nio-7201-exec-7] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7100,192.168.1.108:7100
2019-07-06 21:32:08.840  INFO 10760 --- [nio-7201-exec-9] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:32:09.016  INFO 10760 --- [nio-7201-exec-1] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7100,192.168.1.108:7100
2019-07-06 21:32:09.184  INFO 10760 --- [nio-7201-exec-3] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:32:09.360  INFO 10760 --- [nio-7201-exec-5] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7100,192.168.1.108:7100
2019-07-06 21:32:09.536  INFO 10760 --- [nio-7201-exec-7] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:32:09.696  INFO 10760 --- [nio-7201-exec-9] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7100,192.168.1.108:7100

通过控制台我们可以直观的看到请求被均匀的分配到两个provider。

二、自定义Ribbon负载均衡规则

1、使用Java代码自定义Ribbon负载均衡规则

1、复制项目eureka-client-ribbon为eureka-client-ribbon-java

2、修改配置文件

spring.application.name=eureka-client-consumer-java
server.port=7202
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:7000/eureka/
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true

3、编写config/RibbonConfiguration.java

package com.springclouddemo.eurekaclientconsumerjava.config;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @author 何昌杰
 */
@Configuration
public class RibbonConfiguration {
    /**
     * 修改负载均衡规则为随机
     */
    @Bean
    public IRule ribbonRule(){
        return new RandomRule();
    }
}

4、编写config/RibbonClientConfiguration.java

package com.springclouddemo.eurekaclientconsumerjava.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @author 何昌杰
 */
@Configuration
@RibbonClient(name = "eureka-client-provider",configuration = RibbonConfiguration.class)
public class RibbonClientConfiguration {
}

为特定的name【eureka-client-provider】指定Ribbon配置类

5、启动main类

启动eureka-client-consumer-ribbon实例后，再启动两个eureka-client-provider实例端口分别为7100、7101。

eureka-client-consumer-java作为服务消费者去消费eureka-client-provider。

idea使用不同端口启动同一项目的方法大家可以查看这篇文章。

通过浏览器多次访问http://localhost:7202/helloribbon

2019-07-06 21:46:37.039  INFO 10124 --- [nio-7202-exec-4] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7100,192.168.1.108:7100
2019-07-06 21:46:37.219  INFO 10124 --- [nio-7202-exec-6] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:46:37.383  INFO 10124 --- [nio-7202-exec-8] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:46:37.566  INFO 10124 --- [io-7202-exec-10] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:46:37.746  INFO 10124 --- [nio-7202-exec-1] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:46:37.926  INFO 10124 --- [nio-7202-exec-4] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:46:38.102  INFO 10124 --- [nio-7202-exec-6] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7100,192.168.1.108:7100
2019-07-06 21:46:38.294  INFO 10124 --- [nio-7202-exec-8] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7100,192.168.1.108:7100
2019-07-06 21:46:38.454  INFO 10124 --- [io-7202-exec-10] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:46:38.606  INFO 10124 --- [nio-7202-exec-1] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7100,192.168.1.108:7100

由此可以看到请求被随机分配到两个微服务。

2、使用属性自定义Ribbon负载均衡规则

1、复制项目eureka-client-ribbon为eureka-client-ribbon-java

2、修改配置文件

spring.application.name=eureka-client-consumer-properties
server.port=7203
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:7000/eureka/
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
eureka-client-provider.ribbon.NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName=com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule

通过配置指定Ribbon负载均衡规则为随机类

3、启动main类

启动eureka-client-consumer-ribbon实例后，再启动两个eureka-client-provider实例端口分别为7100、7101。

eureka-client-consumer-properties作为服务消费者去消费eureka-client-provider。

idea使用不同端口启动同一项目的方法大家可以查看这篇文章。

通过浏览器多次访问http://localhost:7203/helloribbon

2019-07-06 21:47:30.164  INFO 468 --- [nio-7203-exec-1] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:47:31.016  INFO 468 --- [nio-7203-exec-3] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:47:31.192  INFO 468 --- [nio-7203-exec-5] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:47:31.368  INFO 468 --- [nio-7203-exec-7] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:47:31.536  INFO 468 --- [nio-7203-exec-9] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7100,192.168.1.108:7100
2019-07-06 21:47:31.712  INFO 468 --- [nio-7203-exec-1] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7100,192.168.1.108:7100
2019-07-06 21:47:31.880  INFO 468 --- [nio-7203-exec-3] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:47:32.048  INFO 468 --- [nio-7203-exec-5] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:47:32.208  INFO 468 --- [nio-7203-exec-7] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7101,192.168.1.108:7101
2019-07-06 21:47:32.375  INFO 468 --- [nio-7203-exec-9] c.s.e.controllers.DemoController         : 192.168.1.108:7100,192.168.1.108:7100

由此可以看到请求被随机分配到两个微服务。