java基础-策略模式

概述

策略模式（Strategy Pattern）又叫也叫政策模式(Policy Pattern），它是将定义的算法家族分别封装起来，让它们之间可以互相替换,从而让算法的变化不会影响到使用算法的用户。
可以避免多重分支的if. ..else.. .和switch语句
属于行为型模式。
 

---

场景

阶梯个税
支付方式选择
1、假如系统中有很多类.而他们的区别仅仅在于他们的行为不同
2、一个系统需要动态地在几种算法中选择一种。
3、需要屏蔽算法规则。
 

---

优点

1、策略模式符合开闭原则;
2、避免使用多重条件转移语句,如if...else...语句、switch语句
3、使用策略模式可以提高算法的保密性和安全性。

---

缺点

1、客户端必须知道所有的等略.并自定决定使用那一个策略；
2、代码中会产生非常多策略类，增加维护难度；

---

举个栗子#计算

public interface IStrategy {
    void algorithm();
}

public class ConcreteStrategyA implements IStrategy {
    @Override
    public void algorithm() {
        System.out.println("Strategy A");
    }
}

public class ConcreteStrategyB implements IStrategy {
    public void algorithm() {
        System.out.println("Strategy B");
    }
}
// 算法上下文，
public class Context {
    private IStrategy mStrategy;

    public Context(IStrategy strategy) {
        this.mStrategy = strategy;
    }

    public void algorithm() {
        this.mStrategy.algorithm();
    }
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //选择一个具体策略
        IStrategy strategy = new ConcreteStrategyA();
        //来一个上下文环境
        Context context = new Context(strategy);
        //客户端直接让上下文环境执行算法
        context.algorithm();
    }
}

图1-1

举个栗子#支付

public abstract class Payment {

    public abstract String getName();

    //通用逻辑放到抽象类里面实现
    public MsgResult pay(String uid, double amount){
        //余额是否足够
        if(queryBalance(uid) < amount){
            return new MsgResult(500,"支付失败","余额不足");
        }
        return new MsgResult(200,"支付成功","支付金额" + amount);
    }

    protected abstract double queryBalance(String uid);
}


public class AliPay extends Payment {
    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return "支付宝";
    }

    @Override
    protected double queryBalance(String uid) {
        return 900;
    }
}

public class JDPay extends Payment {
    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return "京东白条";
    }

    @Override
    protected double queryBalance(String uid) {
        return 500;
    }
}


public class UnionPay extends Payment {
    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return "银联支付";
    }

    @Override
    protected double queryBalance(String uid) {
        return 120;
    }
}


public class WechatPay extends Payment {
    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return "微信支付";
    }

    @Override
    protected double queryBalance(String uid) {
        return 263;
    }
}

// 策略锦囊
public class PayStrategy {
    public static  final String ALI_PAY = "AliPay";
    public static  final String JD_PAY = "JdPay";
    public static  final String WECHAT_PAY = "WechatPay";
    public static  final String UNION_PAY = "UnionPay";
    public static  final String DEFAULT_PAY = ALI_PAY;

    private static Map<String,Payment> strategy = new HashMap<String,Payment>();

    static {
        strategy.put(ALI_PAY,new AliPay());
        strategy.put(JD_PAY,new JDPay());
        strategy.put(WECHAT_PAY,new WechatPay());
        strategy.put(UNION_PAY,new UnionPay());
    }

    public static Payment get(String payKey){
        if(!strategy.containsKey(payKey)){
            return strategy.get(DEFAULT_PAY);
        }
        return strategy.get(payKey);
    }
}

// 用户使用
public class Order {
    private String uid;
    private String orderId;
    private double amount;

    public Order(String uid, String orderId, double amount) {
        this.uid = uid;
        this.orderId = orderId;
        this.amount = amount;
    }

    public MsgResult pay(){
        return pay(PayStrategy.DEFAULT_PAY);
    }

    public MsgResult pay(String payKey){
        // 策略锦囊
        Payment payment = PayStrategy.get(payKey);
        System.out.println("欢迎使用" + payment.getName());
        System.out.println("本次交易金额为" + amount + "，开始扣款");
        return payment.pay(uid,amount);
    }
}

public class MsgResult {
    private int code;
    private Object data;
    private String msg;

    public MsgResult(int code, String msg, Object data) {
        this.code = code;
        this.data = data;
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MsgResult{" +
                "code=" + code +
                ", data=" + data +
                ", msg='" + msg + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Order order = new Order("1","2020031401000323",324.5);
        System.out.println(order.pay(PayStrategy.DEFAULT_PAY));
    }
}

图1-2:

---

源码实现#Comparator

    int compare(T o1, T o2);

Spring#Rsource

 public interface Resource extends InputStreamSource 

对比