eclipse ant认识

在Eclipse中使用Ant

    Ant是Java平台下非常棒的批处理命令执行程序，能非常方便地自动完成编译，测试，打包，部署等等一系列任务，大大提高开发效率。如果你现在还没有开始使用Ant，那就要赶快开始学习使用，使自己的开发水平上一个新台阶。

    Eclipse中已经集成了Ant，我们可以直接在Eclipse中运行Ant。

    以前面建立的Hello工程为例，创建以下目录结构： 
      

新建一个build.xml，放在工程根目录下。build.xml定义了Ant要执行的批处理命令。虽然Ant也可以使用其它文件名，但是遵循标准能更使开发更规范，同时易于与别人交流。 

通常，src存放Java源文件，classes存放编译后的class文件，lib存放编译和运行用到的所有jar文件，web存放JSP等web文件，dist存放打包后的jar文件，doc存放API文档。

然后在根目录下创建build.xml文件，输入以下内容：

<? xml version="1.0" ?> < project name ="Hello world" default ="doc" > <!-- properies --> < property name ="src.dir" value ="src" /> < property name ="report.dir" value ="report" /> < property name ="classes.dir" value ="classes" /> < property name ="lib.dir" value ="lib" /> < property name ="dist.dir" value ="dist" /> < property name ="doc.dir" value ="doc" /> <!-- 定义classpath --> < path id ="master-classpath" > < fileset file ="${lib.dir}/*.jar" /> < pathelement path ="${classes.dir}" /> </ path > <!-- 初始化任务 --> < target name ="init" > </ target > <!-- 编译 --> < target name ="compile" depends ="init" description ="compile the source files" > < mkdir dir ="${classes.dir}" /> < javac srcdir ="${src.dir}" destdir ="${classes.dir}" target ="1.4" > < classpath refid ="master-classpath" /> </ javac > </ target > <!-- 测试 --> < target name ="test" depends ="compile" description ="run junit test" > < mkdir dir ="${report.dir}" /> < junit printsummary ="on" haltonfailure ="false" failureproperty ="tests.failed" showoutput ="true" > < classpath refid ="master-classpath" /> < formatter type ="plain" /> < batchtest todir ="${report.dir}" > < fileset dir ="${classes.dir}" > < include name ="**/*Test.*" /> </ fileset > </ batchtest > </ junit > < fail if ="tests.failed" > *********************************************************** **** One or more tests failed! Check the output ... **** *********************************************************** </ fail > </ target > <!-- 打包成jar --> < target name ="pack" depends ="test" description ="make .jar file" > < mkdir dir ="${dist.dir}" /> < jar destfile ="${dist.dir}/hello.jar" basedir ="${classes.dir}" > < exclude name ="**/*Test.*" /> < exclude name ="**/Test*.*" /> </ jar > </ target > <!-- 输出api文档 --> < target name ="doc" depends ="pack" description ="create api doc" > < mkdir dir ="${doc.dir}" /> < javadoc destdir ="${doc.dir}" author ="true" version ="true" use ="true" windowtitle ="Test API" > < packageset dir ="${src.dir}" defaultexcludes ="yes" > < include name ="example/**" /> </ packageset > < doctitle > <![CDATA[ <h1>Hello, test</h1> ]]> </ doctitle > < bottom > <![CDATA[ <i>All Rights Reserved.</i> ]]> </ bottom > < tag name ="todo" scope ="all" description ="To do:" /> </ javadoc > </ target > </ project >

选中Hello工程，然后选择“Project”，“Properties”，“Builders”，“New…”，选择“Ant Build”：

    

填入Name：Ant_Builder；Buildfile：build.xml；Base Directory：${workspace_loc:/Hello}（按“Browse Workspace”选择工程根目录），由于用到了junit.jar包，搜索Eclipse目录，找到junit.jar，把它复制到Hello/lib目录下，并添加到Ant的Classpath中：

   

 然后在Builder面板中钩上Ant_Build，去掉Java Builder：
      

 再次编译，即可在控制台看到Ant的输出： 

Buildfile: F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\build.xml init: compile: [mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\classes [javac] Compiling  2  source files to F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\classes test: [mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\report [junit] Running example.HelloTest [junit] Tests run:  1 , Failures:  0 , Errors:  0 , Time elapsed:  0.02  sec pack: [mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\dist [jar] Building jar: F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\dist\hello.jar doc: [mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\doc [javadoc] Generating Javadoc [javadoc] Javadoc execution [javadoc] Loading source files  for  package example... [javadoc] Constructing Javadoc information... [javadoc] Standard Doclet version  1.4 .2_04 [javadoc] Building tree for  all the packages and classes... [javadoc] Building index  for  all the packages and classes... [javadoc] Building index  for  all classes... [javadoc] Generating F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\doc\stylesheet.css... [javadoc] Note: Custom tags that could override  future standard tags: 
@todo. To avoid potential overrides, use at least one period character (.)  in  custom tag names. [javadoc] Note: Custom tags that were not seen: @todo BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time:  11  seconds

        Ant依次执行初始化，编译，测试，打包，生成API文档一系列任务，极大地提高了开发效率。将来开发J2EE项目时，还可加入部署等任务。并且，即使脱离了Eclipse环境，只要正确安装了Ant，配置好环境变量ANT_HOME=<Ant解压目录>，Path=…;%ANT_HOME%\bin，在命令行提示符下切换到Hello目录，简单地键入ant即可。