python中struct模块/binascii模块/ctypes模块

储备知识点:   1. unsigned 无符号

                          signed有符号

                       eg : signed  int ： -128---127

                               unsigned int : 0 --- 255      、

                        2.binascii模块:                 

          
           字节流和ascii转换
          s = b'hello'
           b = binascii.hexlify(s)
          print(b)  #结果就是用引号括起来的ascii值
          -----------
           print(binascii.unhexlify(b)) #结果就是b'hello'

                     3.ctypes模块                            

                           values = ( 1 , 'abc' , 2.7 )

                           s = struct.Struct( 'I3sf' )

                           prebuffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(s.size)  #创建一个s.size大小的字节缓冲区


                           print 'Before :' ,binascii.hexlify(prebuffer)


                           s.pack_into(prebuffer, 0 , * values)    #从缓冲区0位置处，放入values数据


                           print 'After pack:' ,binascii.hexlify(prebuffer)

                           unpacked = s.unpack_from(prebuffer, 0 )

                           print 'After unpack:' ,unpacked
                         

                    输出：

                            Before : 000000000000000000000000  #缓冲区没值，hexlify(缓冲区)，值就为0000000...000
                            After pack: 0100000061626300cdcc2c40  #缓冲区放入值之后，缓冲区的ascii值
                            After unpack: (1, 'abc', 2.700000047683716)
       

#如果要多多个对象打包和解包就可以如下操作                        

values1 = ( 1 , 'abc' , 2.7 )

values2 = ( 'defg' , 101 )

s1 = struct.Struct( 'I3sf' )

s2 = struct.Struct( '4sI' )

  

prebuffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(s1.size + s2.size)

print 'Before :' ,binascii.hexlify(prebuffer)

s1.pack_into(prebuffer, 0 , * values1)

s2.pack_into(prebuffer,s1.size, * values2)

print 'After pack:' ,binascii.hexlify(prebuffer)

print s1.unpack_from(prebuffer, 0 )

print s2.unpack_from(prebuffer,s1.size)

#功能：使用struct模块进行(字节流---元祖)之间的打包和拆包

#字节流：网络上传输格式

import struct

name = b'lily'

age = 18

sex = b'female'

job = b'teacher'

pack_content = struct.pack('4si6s7s',name,age,sex,job)

>>>pack_content

>>>b'lily\x12\x00\x00\x00femaleteacher'

>>>struct.unpack('4si6s7s',pack_content)
>>>(b'lily', 18, b'female', b'teacher')

补充:

            上面提到的pack方法都是对输入数据进行操作后重新创建了一个内存空间用于返回，也就是说我们每次pack都会在内存中分配出相应的内存资源，这有时是一种很大的性能浪费。struct模块还提供了pack_into() 和 unpack_from()的方法用来解决这样的问题，也就是对一个已经提前分配好的buffer进行字节的填充，而不会每次都产生一个新对象对字节进行存储