解题报告：HDU4474 Yet Another Multiple Problem BFS + 同余剪枝

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Yet Another Multiple Problem

Time Limit: 40000/20000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 65536/65536 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 5472 Accepted Submission(s): 1251

Problem Description

There are tons of problems about integer multiples. Despite the fact that the topic is not original, the content is highly challenging. That’s why we call it “Yet Another Multiple Problem”.
In this problem, you’re asked to solve the following question: Given a positive integer n and m decimal digits, what is the minimal positive multiple of n whose decimal notation does not contain any of the given digits?

Input

There are several test cases.
For each test case, there are two lines. The first line contains two integers n and m (1 ≤ n ≤ 10 ⁴). The second line contains m decimal digits separated by spaces.
Input is terminated by EOF.

Output

For each test case, output one line “Case X: Y” where X is the test case number (starting from 1) while Y is the minimal multiple satisfying the above-mentioned conditions or “-1” (without quotation marks) in case there does not exist such a multiple.

Sample Input

Sample Output

  
  
   
   Case 1: 2345
Case 2: -1

Source

2012 Asia Chengdu Regional Contest

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题意：给一个n（n<=1e4），m个小于10的数，问最小的符合要求的n的倍数，要求位上不含有给定的m个数。
这题有一个不常见的利用同余性的剪枝技巧，于是写下来记录一下。。

思路：正确的做法是从高位到低位进行BFS，利用同余性进行剪枝，即记录出现的过余数，若出现重复，则剪枝，因为先BFS到的数一定是更小的数，这样第一个余数为0的情况就是答案，每个记录上一个状态，回溯到最高位再依次输出即可，或者BFS完所有的余数的情况也没有找到解，输出-1。
代码：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int n,m;
bool used[10];
struct state {
    int last;
    int mod ;
    int f ;
}S[100005];

bool has[10005];


queue<int>Q;

inline void out(int x){
    if(~S[x].f)out(S[x].f);
    printf("%d",S[x].last);
}


int main()
{
    int t = 0;
    while(scanf("%d%d",&n,&m)==2){
        memset(used,false,sizeof(used));
        memset(has,false,sizeof(has));
        for(int i=0,x;i<m;i++){
            scanf("%d",&x);
            used[x] = true;
        }while(!Q.empty())Q.pop();
        int all = 0;int head = -1;
        for(int i=1;i<10;i++){
            if(!used[i]){
                S[all].last = i;
                S[all].mod = i % n;
                S[all].f = -1;
                has[S[all].mod] = true;
                if(S[all].mod==0){
                    head = all;
                    break;
                }
                Q.push(all++);
            }
        }
        while(!Q.empty()&&head==-1){
            int x = Q.front();Q.pop();
            for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
                if(!used[i]){
                    S[all].last = i;
                    S[all].mod = ( S[x].mod * 10 + i ) % n;
                    S[all].f = x;
                    if(!has[S[all].mod]){
                        has[S[all].mod] = true;
                        if(S[all].mod==0){
                            head = all;
                            break;
                        }Q.push(all++);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        printf("Case %d: ",++t);
        if(head==-1){
            printf("-1\n");
        }else {
            out(head);
            printf("\n");
        }

    }return 0;
}