二叉树的先序、中序、后序遍历

二叉树的遍历是数据结构与算法非常重要也是非常基础的内容，首先讲什么是二叉树的先序、中序以及后序遍历：                 先序、中序、后序遍历其实都是对于根节点来说的。                                                                                                       

先序遍历：其实就是对于一棵树先遍历根节点，再遍历左右孩子；中序遍历：先遍历左孩子，再遍历根节点，再遍历右孩子；后序遍历：先遍历左孩子节点，再遍历右孩子节点，再遍历左孩子节点。

如图所示：

如上图二叉树所示（咳咳，图丑了一点，不过问题不大~）：

先序遍历结果：5783649

中序遍历结果：8735469

后序遍历结果：8374965

下面来看先、中、后序的递归以及非递归实现：

import java.util.Stack;
/**
 * 二叉树的先序、中序、后序遍历
 * 先序:先根节点再左孩子再右孩子；中序：先左孩子再根节点再右孩子；后序：先左孩子、载右孩子、再根节点（先序中序后序都是针对根节点来说的）
 * @author zhmm
 *
 */
public class Code_05_PreInPosTraversal {

	public static class Node {
		public int value;
		public Node left;
		public Node right;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}
	//二叉树先序遍历打印递归版
	public static void preOrderRecur(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return;
		}
		System.out.print(head.value + " ");
		preOrderRecur(head.left);
		preOrderRecur(head.right);
	}
	
	//二叉树中序打印递归版
	public static void inOrderRecur(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return;
		}
		inOrderRecur(head.left);
		System.out.print(head.value + " ");
		inOrderRecur(head.right);
	}
	
	//二叉树后序打印递归版
	public static void posOrderRecur(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return;
		}
		posOrderRecur(head.left);
		posOrderRecur(head.right);
		System.out.print(head.value + " ");
	}
	
	//二叉树先序遍历打印非递归版
	//使用栈实现
	public static void preOrderUnRecur(Node head) {
		System.out.print("pre-order: ");
		if (head != null) {
			Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
			stack.add(head);
			while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
				//根节点弹出即打印
				head = stack.pop();
				System.out.print(head.value + " ");
				//孩子节点先放右孩子再放左孩子
				if (head.right != null) {
					stack.push(head.right);
				}
				if (head.left != null) {
					stack.push(head.left);
				}
			}
		}
		System.out.println();
	}
	
	//二叉树中序遍历非递归版
	//也是利用了栈这个数据结构，首先把这棵树的所有左边界全部压进栈里，当弄个左边界的左子树为空时，弹出并打印该节点并判断该节点的右子树是否为空
	public static void inOrderUnRecur(Node head) {
		System.out.print("in-order: ");
		if (head != null) {
			Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
			while (!stack.isEmpty() || head != null) {
				if (head != null) {
					stack.push(head);
					head = head.left;
				} else {
					head = stack.pop();
					System.out.print(head.value + " ");
					head = head.right;
				}
			}
		}
		System.out.println();
	}
	
	//二叉树后序遍历非递归版
	//这个非常简单，因为要实现打印的方式为左右根的话，因为先序是根左右，我们只需要先按先序一样操作，只需要在压栈的时候，先序是先压右再压左，我们先压左再压右，这样就能够
	//达到这次压栈压的为根右左，借助一个help栈，把上面栈的元素全部放在help栈里，然后弹出得到的就是一个弹出顺序为左右根的顺序的数据
	public static void posOrderUnRecur1(Node head) {
		System.out.print("pos-order: ");
		if (head != null) {
			Stack<Node> s1 = new Stack<Node>();
			Stack<Node> s2 = new Stack<Node>();
			s1.push(head);
			while (!s1.isEmpty()) {
				head = s1.pop();
				s2.push(head);
				if (head.left != null) {
					s1.push(head.left);
				}
				if (head.right != null) {
					s1.push(head.right);
				}
			}
			while (!s2.isEmpty()) {
				System.out.print(s2.pop().value + " ");
			}
		}
		System.out.println();
	}

	public static void posOrderUnRecur2(Node h) {
		System.out.print("pos-order: ");
		if (h != null) {
			Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
			stack.push(h);
			Node c = null;
			while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
				c = stack.peek();
				if (c.left != null && h != c.left && h != c.right) {
					stack.push(c.left);
				} else if (c.right != null && h != c.right) {
					stack.push(c.right);
				} else {
					System.out.print(stack.pop().value + " ");
					h = c;
				}
			}
		}
		System.out.println();
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Node head = new Node(5);
		head.left = new Node(3);
		head.right = new Node(8);
		head.left.left = new Node(2);
		head.left.right = new Node(4);
		head.left.left.left = new Node(1);
		head.right.left = new Node(7);
		head.right.left.left = new Node(6);
		head.right.right = new Node(10);
		head.right.right.left = new Node(9);
		head.right.right.right = new Node(11);

		// recursive
		System.out.println("==============recursive==============");
		System.out.print("pre-order: ");
		preOrderRecur(head);
		System.out.println();
		System.out.print("in-order: ");
		inOrderRecur(head);
		System.out.println();
		System.out.print("pos-order: ");
		posOrderRecur(head);
		System.out.println();

		// unrecursive
		System.out.println("============unrecursive=============");
		preOrderUnRecur(head);
		inOrderUnRecur(head);
		posOrderUnRecur1(head);
		posOrderUnRecur2(head);

	}

}

运行结果：

==============recursive==============
pre-order: 5 3 2 1 4 8 7 6 10 9 11 
in-order: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 
pos-order: 1 2 4 3 6 7 9 11 10 8 5 
============unrecursive=============
pre-order: 5 3 2 1 4 8 7 6 10 9 11 
in-order: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 
pos-order: 1 2 4 3 6 7 9 11 10 8 5 
pos-order: 1 2 4 3 6 7 9 11 10 8 5