- 创建 Oracle 用户及组、授权文件夹:
创建组、用户并添加到组:
修改用户密码:/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall /usr/sbin/groupadd dba /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
创建文件夹并授权:passwd oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app chmod -R 775 /u01/app/
- 修改 /etc/yum.conf,将缓存 yum 安装文件:
缓存 yum 安装文件可用于离线安装。
将 keepcache 设置为 1vi /etc/yum.conf
keepcache=1
- 安装 vim、wget:
yum -y install vim
- 安装 CentOS 可视化桌面:
yum -y groups install 'GNOME Desktop'
- 设置默认开机为可视化桌面:
关闭默认开机可视化桌面(设置开机为命令桌面):systemctl set-default graphical.target
systemctl set-default multi-user.target
- 开启可视化桌面:
关闭命令后将关闭可视化桌面:
后台运行可视化桌面:startx
systemctl start graphical.target
- 安装 VNC:
yum -y install tigervnc-server
- 启动VNC并设置密码:
- 设置 root 用户的 VNC 密码:
登陆 root:
未设置只读密码:[root@localhost ~]# vncserver You will require a password to access your desktops. Password: Verify: Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n A view-only password is not used New 'localhost.localdomain:1 (root)' desktop is localhost.localdomain:1 Creating default startup script /root/.vnc/xstartup Creating default config /root/.vnc/config Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup Log file is /root/.vnc/localhost.localdomain:1.log [root@localhost ~]#
- 设置 oracle 用户的 VNC 密码:
登陆 oracle:
未设置只读密码:[root@localhost ~]# su oracle [oracle@localhost root]$ vncserver You will require a password to access your desktops. Password: Verify: Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n A view-only password is not used xauth: file /home/oracle/.Xauthority does not exist New 'localhost.localdomain:2 (oracle)' desktop is localhost.localdomain:2 Creating default startup script /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup Creating default config /home/oracle/.vnc/config Starting applications specified in /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup Log file is /home/oracle/.vnc/localhost.localdomain:2.log [oracle@localhost root]$
- 设置 root 用户的 VNC 密码:
- 创建窗口 1、2 的开机启动:
窗口 1 可用于连接 root 桌面;
窗口 2 可用于连接 oracle 桌面。cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:2.service
- 修改窗口 1、2 的开机启动:
将 vncserver@:1.service 中的 <USER> 修改为 root:
将 vncserver@:1.service 中的 <USER> 修改为 oracle:vim /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
vim /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:2.service
- 设置窗口 1、2 的开机启动:
systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service
systemctl enable vncserver@:2.service
- 开启窗口 1、2:
systemctl start vncserver@:1.service
systemctl start vncserver@:2.service
停止窗口:
vncserver -kill :1
开启窗口:
vncserver :1
修改VNC密码:
vncpasswd
临时修改分辨率:
vncserver -geometry 1920x1080
永久修改分辨率:
找到配置文件:[root@centos79 ~]# which vncserver /usr/bin/vncserver
修改配置文件:
vim /usr/bin/vncserver
修改结果:
$geometry = "1920x1080";
- 开启5900+?端口:
开启窗口 1,开放端口5901(即5900+1):
开启窗口 2,开放端口5902(即5900+2):
开启端口 5901、5902(需要开启防火墙):firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5901/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5902/tcp --permanent
- 重新加载防火墙:
firewall-cmd --reload
- 查看已开放端口及服务:
firewall-cmd --list-all
- 打开 VNC,输入地址:
- 点击回车,选择 continue:
- 输入密码,点击 OK:
- 连接成功后显示:
- 输入密码后登陆:
- 登陆后显示:
设置语言:
- 桌面显示如下:
- 相同操作,可登陆 oracle 用户。
- 上传解压 Oracle 11.2.0.4.0 至 /u01 文件夹。
- 上传解压 jdk1.8 至 /u01 文件夹。
- 添加字体,防止安装过程乱码:
上传 zysong.ttf 至文件夹 /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType 并授权:mkdir -p /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType cd /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType
chmod -R 75 zysong.ttf
- 使用 VNC 登陆 oracle 用户。
- 设置临时语言为中文并运行安装Oracle:
[oracle@localhost ~]$ LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 [oracle@localhost ~]$ locale LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_TIME="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_PAPER="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_NAME="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_ADDRESS="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_TELEPHONE="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_MEASUREMENT="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_IDENTIFICATION="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_ALL= [oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/database/ [oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller -jreLoc /u01/jdk1.8.0_231/ 正在启动 Oracle Universal Installer... 检查临时空间: 必须大于 120 MB。 实际为 27021 MB 通过 检查交换空间: 必须大于 150 MB。 实际为 2039 MB 通过 检查监视器: 监视器配置至少必须显示 256 种颜色。 实际为 16777216 通过 准备从以下地址启动 Oracle Universal Installer /tmp/OraInstall2020-06-06_03-17-12PM. 请稍候...[oracle@localhost database]$
- 点击下一步:
- 点击是:
- 跳过软件更新,点下一步:
- 点击下一步:
- 选择服务器类,点下一步:
- 点击下一步:
- 选择高级安装,点下一步:
- 点击下一步:
- 点下一步:
- 点下一步:
- 点下一步:
- 点下一步:
- 点下一步:
- 点下一步:
- 点下一步:
- 点下一步:
- 启用自动备份,点下一步:
- 点下一步:
- 点下一步:
- 检查依赖的结果:
- 点击修补并再次检查:
保存 /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_oracle 文件夹中的内容可用于静默安装。 - 使用 root 运行脚本:
运行结果:sh /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_oracle/runfixup.sh
[root@localhost TrueType]# sh /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_oracle/runfixup.sh Response file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_oracle/fixup.response Enable file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_oracle/fixup.enable Log file location: /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_oracle/orarun.log Setting Kernel Parameters... /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_oracle/orarun.sh: line 246: [: 18446744073692774399: integer expression expected The value for shmmax in response file is not greater than value of shmmax for current session. Hence not changing it. The value for shmmni in response file is not greater than value of shmmni for current session. Hence not changing it. /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_oracle/orarun.sh: line 337: [: 18446744073692774399: integer expression expected The value for shmall in response file is not greater than value of shmall for current session. Hence not changing it. The value for semmsl in response file is not greater than value of semmsl for current session. Hence not changing it. The value for semmns in response file is not greater than value of semmns for current session. Hence not changing it. The value for semmni in response file is not greater than value of semmni for current session. Hence not changing it. kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.file-max = 6815744 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 The value for aio-max-nr in response file is not greater than value of aio-max-nr for current session. Hence not changing it. uid=1001(oracle) gid=1003(oper) groups=1003(oper),1002(dba) [root@localhost TrueType]#
- 点确定:
- 再次检查结果:
- 安装依赖:
yum -y install gcc libaio-devel elfutils-libelf-devel glibc-devel glibc-headers gcc-c++ libstdc++-devel
- 再次检查:
- 增加 1G 交换空间:
编辑 /etc/fstab :dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=4096 count=250000 mkswap /home/swap /sbin/swapon /home/swap
增加:vim /etc/fstab
/home/swap swap swap default 0 0
- 再次检查:
- 在 阿里巴巴开源镜像站 下载依赖:compat-libstdc++、pdksh
安装依赖:[root@localhost TrueType]# cd /u01 [root@localhost u01]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm warning: pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID e8562897: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1 ################################# [100%] [root@localhost u01]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7 ################################# [100%] [root@localhost u01]#
- 再次检查,依赖完全解决,自动进入下一个页面,点安装:
保存此页面的响应文件,可用于静默安装。
- 安装过程遇见问题:
- 编辑文件 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
修改:
为:$(SYSMANBIN)emdctl: $(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)
$(SYSMANBIN)emdctl: $(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11
- 点击重试即可继续。
- 安装结束,可在此页面解锁 SCOTT 账户:
- 使用 root 运行脚本:
运行结果:/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
[root@localhost u01]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh 更改权限/u01/app/oraInventory. 添加组的读取和写入权限。 删除全局的读取, 写入和执行权限。 更改组名/u01/app/oraInventory 到 dba. 脚本的执行已完成。 [root@localhost u01]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ... Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Creating /etc/oratab file... Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. Finished product-specific root actions. [root@localhost u01]#
- 点击确定后显示:
Oracle 页面管理地址:https://localhost:1158/em
- 开通端口:
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1158/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload firewall-cmd --list-all
- 远程连接:
- 配置 oracle 用户环境变量(用于开机自启):
环境变量:vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
- 修改 Oracle 软件环境变量(手动启动、用于开机自启):
- 修改 dbstart 文件:
修改:vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbshut
为:ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
- 修改 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart 文件同上。
- 修改 dbstart 文件:
- 开启开机自启:
- 修改:/etc/rc.d/rc.local
增加:vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
授权 /etc/rc.d/rc.local 为可执行文件:su oracle -lc "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start" su oracle -lc "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart"
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
- 修改 /etc/oratab:
将:vim /etc/oratab
修改为:orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:N
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y
- 修改:/etc/rc.d/rc.local
- 重启后连接:
- 使用 oracle 用户查看监听:
运行结果:lsnrctl status
启动监听:[oracle@localhost root]$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile [oracle@localhost root]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2020 16:52:12 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date 06-JUN-2020 16:44:20 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 7 min. 52 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@localhost root]$
停止监听:lsnrctl start
lsnrctl stop
- 操作数据库:
启动数据库:
停止数据库:dbstart
dbshut
CentOS 7.7 1908 最小化 通过 VNC 安装 Oracle 11.2.0.4.0
于 2020-06-06 16:45:44 首次发布