Java调用Python程序方法总结(最全最详细)

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原文：https://blog.csdn.net/IT_xiao_bai/article/details/79074988

如何使用Java调用Python程序

本文为大家介绍如何java调用python方法，供大家参考。
实际工程项目中可能会用到Java和python两种语言结合进行，这样就会涉及到一个问题，就是怎么用Java程序来调用已经写好的python脚本呢，一共有三种方法可以实现，具体方法分别为大家介绍：

1. 在java类中直接执行python语句

此方法需要引用org.python包，需要下载Jpython。在这里先介绍一下Jpython。下面引入百科的解释：

Jython是一种完整的语言，而不是一个Java翻译器或仅仅是一个Python编译器，它是一个Python语言在Java中的完全实现。Jython也有很多从CPython中继承的模块库。最有趣的事情是Jython不像CPython或其他任何高级语言，它提供了对其实现语言的一切存取。所以Jython不仅给你提供了Python的库，同时也提供了所有的Java类。这使其有一个巨大的资源库。

这里我建议下载最新版本的Jpython，因为可以使用的python函数库会比老版本的多些，目前最新版本为2.7。
下载jar包请点击Download Jython 2.7.0 - Standalone Jar
下载安装程序请点击Download Jython 2.7.0 - Installer
如果使用maven依赖添加的话，使用下面的语句

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-maven"><dependency>
	<groupId>org.python</groupId>
	<artifactId>jython-standalone</artifactId>
	<version>2.7.0</version>
</dependency>
</code></span>

以上准备好了，就可以直接在java类中写python语句了，具体代码如下：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-java">PythonInterpreter interpreter <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">new</span> PythonInterpreter<span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
interpreter<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">exec</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#df5000">"a=[5,2,3,9,4,0]; "</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
interpreter<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">exec</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#df5000">"print(sorted(a));"</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>  <span style="color:#969896">//此处python语句是3.x版本的语法</span>
interpreter<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">exec</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#df5000">"print sorted(a);"</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>   <span style="color:#969896">//此处是python语句是2.x版本的语法</span>
</code></span>

输出结果如下：

在这里插入图片描述

这里会看到输出的结果都是一样的，也就是说Jpython兼容python2.x和3.x版本的语句，运行速度会比直接运行python程序稍慢一点。
但是每次运行结果都会提示console: Failed to install ‘’: java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException: cp0. 这样看起来很烦，因为每次运行结果都会出现红色的提示语句，以为是错误，程序员应该都不愿意看到这一幕，得想个办法解决。
解决方法如下：
在要执行的代码上右键， Run As>Run Configurations，选择第二个页签Arguments，在VM arguments中添加以下语句
-Dpython.console.encoding=UTF-8
然后Apply->Run就可以了。

如下图所示：

在这里插入图片描述

2. 在java中调用本地python脚本

首先在本地建立一个python脚本，命名为add.py，写了一个简单的两个数做加法的函数，代码如下：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#a71d5d">def</span> <span style="color:#795da3">add</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>a<span style="color:#969896">,</span>b<span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">:</span>
    <span style="color:#a71d5d">return</span> a <span style="color:#df5000">+</span> b
</code></span>

python的功能函数已经写好，接下来我们写一个java的测试类（同样需要用到Jpython包），来测试一下是否可以运行成功。代码如下：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-java"><span style="color:#a71d5d">import</span> org<span style="color:#969896">.</span>python<span style="color:#969896">.</span>core<span style="color:#969896">.</span>PyFunction<span style="color:#969896">;</span>
<span style="color:#a71d5d">import</span> org<span style="color:#969896">.</span>python<span style="color:#969896">.</span>core<span style="color:#969896">.</span>PyInteger<span style="color:#969896">;</span>
<span style="color:#a71d5d">import</span> org<span style="color:#969896">.</span>python<span style="color:#969896">.</span>core<span style="color:#969896">.</span>PyObject<span style="color:#969896">;</span>
<span style="color:#a71d5d">import</span> org<span style="color:#969896">.</span>python<span style="color:#969896">.</span>util<span style="color:#969896">.</span>PythonInterpreter<span style="color:#969896">;</span>

<span style="color:#a71d5d">public</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">class</span> Java_Python_test <span style="color:#969896">{</span>

	<span style="color:#a71d5d">public</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">static</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">void</span> <span style="color:#795da3">main</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>String<span style="color:#969896">[</span><span style="color:#969896">]</span> args<span style="color:#969896">)</span> <span style="color:#969896">{</span>
		<span style="color:#969896">// TODO Auto-generated method stub</span>
		PythonInterpreter interpreter <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">new</span> PythonInterpreter<span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
		interpreter<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">execfile</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#df5000">"D:\\add.py"</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
				
		<span style="color:#969896">// 第一个参数为期望获得的函数（变量）的名字，第二个参数为期望返回的对象类型</span>
		PyFunction pyFunction <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> interpreter<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">get</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#df5000">"add"</span><span style="color:#969896">,</span> PyFunction<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#a71d5d">class</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
		<span style="color:#a71d5d">int</span> a <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> <span style="color:#c76b29">5</span><span style="color:#969896">,</span> b <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> <span style="color:#c76b29">10</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
		<span style="color:#969896">//调用函数，如果函数需要参数，在Java中必须先将参数转化为对应的“Python类型”</span>
		PyObject pyobj <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> pyFunction<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">__call__</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#a71d5d">new</span> PyInteger<span style="color:#969896">(</span>a<span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">,</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">new</span> PyInteger<span style="color:#969896">(</span>b<span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span> 
		System<span style="color:#969896">.</span>out<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">println</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#df5000">"the anwser is: "</span> <span style="color:#df5000">+</span> pyobj<span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
	<span style="color:#969896">}</span>
<span style="color:#969896">}</span>
</code></span>

运行结果如图所示：

在这里插入图片描述

OK，测试成功了~

关于Jpython更多详细的信息可以参考官方的相关文档，官网地址点这里。

注意：以上两个方法虽然都可以调用python程序，但是使用Jpython调用的python库不是很多，如果你用以上两个方法调用，而python的程序中使用到第三方库，这时就会报错java ImportError: No module named xxx。遇到这种情况推荐使用下面的方法，即可解决该问题。

3. 使用Runtime.getRuntime()执行脚本文件（推荐）

为了验证该方法可以运行含有python第三方库的程序，我们先写一个简单的python脚本，代码如下：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#a71d5d">import</span> numpy <span style="color:#a71d5d">as</span> np

a <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> np<span style="color:#969896">.</span>arange<span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#c76b29">12</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">.</span>reshape<span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#c76b29">3</span><span style="color:#969896">,</span><span style="color:#c76b29">4</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span>
<span style="color:#a71d5d">print</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>a<span style="color:#969896">)</span>
</code></span>

可以看到程序中用到了numpy第三方库，并初始化了一个3×4的一个矩阵。
下面来看看怎么用Runtime.getRuntime()方法来调用python程序并输出该结果，java代码如下：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-java"><span style="color:#a71d5d">import</span> java<span style="color:#969896">.</span>io<span style="color:#969896">.</span>BufferedReader<span style="color:#969896">;</span>
<span style="color:#a71d5d">import</span> java<span style="color:#969896">.</span>io<span style="color:#969896">.</span>IOException<span style="color:#969896">;</span>
<span style="color:#a71d5d">import</span> java<span style="color:#969896">.</span>io<span style="color:#969896">.</span>InputStreamReader<span style="color:#969896">;</span>

<span style="color:#a71d5d">public</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">class</span> Demo1 <span style="color:#969896">{</span>

	<span style="color:#a71d5d">public</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">static</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">void</span> <span style="color:#795da3">main</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>String<span style="color:#969896">[</span><span style="color:#969896">]</span> args<span style="color:#969896">)</span> <span style="color:#969896">{</span>
		<span style="color:#969896">// TODO Auto-generated method stub</span>
		Process proc<span style="color:#969896">;</span>
		<span style="color:#a71d5d">try</span> <span style="color:#969896">{</span>
			proc <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> Runtime<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">getRuntime</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">exec</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#df5000">"python D:\\demo1.py"</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span><span style="color:#969896">// 执行py文件</span>
			<span style="color:#969896">//用输入输出流来截取结果</span>
			BufferedReader in <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">new</span> BufferedReader<span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#a71d5d">new</span> InputStreamReader<span style="color:#969896">(</span>proc<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">getInputStream</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
			String line <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> null<span style="color:#969896">;</span>
			<span style="color:#a71d5d">while</span> <span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>line <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> in<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">readLine</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span> <span style="color:#df5000">!=</span> null<span style="color:#969896">)</span> <span style="color:#969896">{</span>
				System<span style="color:#969896">.</span>out<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">println</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>line<span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
			<span style="color:#969896">}</span>
			in<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">close</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
			proc<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">waitFor</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
		<span style="color:#969896">}</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">catch</span> <span style="color:#969896">(</span>IOException e<span style="color:#969896">)</span> <span style="color:#969896">{</span>
			e<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
		<span style="color:#969896">}</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">catch</span> <span style="color:#969896">(</span>InterruptedException e<span style="color:#969896">)</span> <span style="color:#969896">{</span>
			e<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
		<span style="color:#969896">}</span> 
	<span style="color:#969896">}</span>
<span style="color:#969896">}</span>
</code></span>

输出的结果如下图所示：
在这里插入图片描述

可以看到运行成功了，但有的朋友可能会问了，怎么在python程序中函数传递参数并执行出结果，下面我就举一例来说明一下。
先写一个python的程序，代码如下：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#a71d5d">import</span> sys

<span style="color:#a71d5d">def</span> <span style="color:#795da3">func</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>a<span style="color:#969896">,</span>b<span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">:</span>
    <span style="color:#a71d5d">return</span> <span style="color:#969896">(</span>a<span style="color:#df5000">+</span>b<span style="color:#969896">)</span>

<span style="color:#a71d5d">if</span> __name__ <span style="color:#df5000">==</span> <span style="color:#df5000">'__main__'</span><span style="color:#969896">:</span>
    a <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> <span style="color:#969896">[</span><span style="color:#969896">]</span>
    <span style="color:#a71d5d">for</span> i <span style="color:#a71d5d">in</span> <span style="color:#df5000">range</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#c76b29">1</span><span style="color:#969896">,</span> <span style="color:#df5000">len</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>sys<span style="color:#969896">.</span>argv<span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">:</span>
        a<span style="color:#969896">.</span>append<span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#df5000">int</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>sys<span style="color:#969896">.</span>argv<span style="color:#969896">[</span>i<span style="color:#969896">]</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span>

    <span style="color:#a71d5d">print</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>func<span style="color:#969896">(</span>a<span style="color:#969896">[</span><span style="color:#c76b29">0</span><span style="color:#969896">]</span><span style="color:#969896">,</span>a<span style="color:#969896">[</span><span style="color:#c76b29">1</span><span style="color:#969896">]</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span>
</code></span>

其中sys.argv用于获取参数url1，url2等。而sys.argv[0]代表python程序名，所以列表从1开始读取参数。
以上代码实现一个两个数做加法的程序，下面看看在java中怎么传递函数参数，代码如下：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-java"><span style="color:#a71d5d">int</span> a <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> <span style="color:#c76b29">18</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
<span style="color:#a71d5d">int</span> b <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> <span style="color:#c76b29">23</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
<span style="color:#a71d5d">try</span> <span style="color:#969896">{</span>
	String<span style="color:#969896">[</span><span style="color:#969896">]</span> args <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">new</span> String<span style="color:#969896">[</span><span style="color:#969896">]</span> <span style="color:#969896">{</span> <span style="color:#df5000">"python"</span><span style="color:#969896">,</span> <span style="color:#df5000">"D:\\demo2.py"</span><span style="color:#969896">,</span> String<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">valueOf</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>a<span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">,</span> String<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">valueOf</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>b<span style="color:#969896">)</span> <span style="color:#969896">}</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
	Process proc <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> Runtime<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">getRuntime</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">exec</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>args<span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span><span style="color:#969896">// 执行py文件</span>

	BufferedReader in <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">new</span> BufferedReader<span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#a71d5d">new</span> InputStreamReader<span style="color:#969896">(</span>proc<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">getInputStream</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
	String line <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> null<span style="color:#969896">;</span>
	<span style="color:#a71d5d">while</span> <span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>line <span style="color:#df5000">=</span> in<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">readLine</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span> <span style="color:#df5000">!=</span> null<span style="color:#969896">)</span> <span style="color:#969896">{</span>
		System<span style="color:#969896">.</span>out<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">println</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span>line<span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
	<span style="color:#969896">}</span>
	in<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">close</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
	proc<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">waitFor</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
<span style="color:#969896">}</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">catch</span> <span style="color:#969896">(</span>IOException e<span style="color:#969896">)</span> <span style="color:#969896">{</span>
	e<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
<span style="color:#969896">}</span> <span style="color:#a71d5d">catch</span> <span style="color:#969896">(</span>InterruptedException e<span style="color:#969896">)</span> <span style="color:#969896">{</span>
	e<span style="color:#969896">.</span><span style="color:#795da3">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#969896">(</span><span style="color:#969896">)</span><span style="color:#969896">;</span>
<span style="color:#969896">}</span>
</code></span>

其中args是String[] { “python”,path,url1,url2 }; ，path是python程序所在的路径，url1是参数1，url2是参数2，以此类推。
最后结果如图所示：
在这里插入图片描述
OK，成功了。

总结： 以上就是Java调用python程序的所有方法总结，推荐使用第三种方法，比前两种方便很多。最后，欢迎大家转载，转载请注明出处http://blog.csdn.net/it_xiao_bai/article/details/79074988

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Java调用Python程序方法总结(最全最详细)

原文：https://blog.csdn.net/IT_xiao_bai/article/details/79074988如何使用Java调用Python程序本文为大家介绍如何java调用python方法，供大家参考。实际工程项目中可能会用到Java和python两种语言结合进行，这样就会涉及到一个问题，就是怎么用Java程序来调用已经写好的python脚本呢，一共有三种方法可以实现，具...
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