github教程

一：本地设置git仓库并上传到github

注：只有本地设置git仓库，才能被git识别，才能实现上传的功能。

（1）在需要设置仓库的目录右键git bash here 进入命令行模式

 （2）查看当前仓库的状态

注：目前的状态是 not a git repository，说明没有不是仓库。（我们还没有设置）

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo
$ git status
fatal: not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git

（3）开始设置本地仓库

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in F:/abcm/test/demo/.git/

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo (master)
$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)

 注：git status显示在分支master上了。解释一下什么是分支：如下所示，是当前的两个branch分支。git init 就是默认在master分支上了。

（4）在仓库里添加文件

我们在目录里新建一个txt文件做测试：

 使用git add命令添加进仓库（虽然目录里有这个文件，但是不属于这个仓库）：

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo (master)
$ git add hit.txt

如下所示，git add只是把文件添加到了「临时缓冲区」，这个命令有效防止了我们错误提交的可能性。

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo (master)
$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
        new file:   hit.txt

所以我们需要进行事务的提交：（把txt文件提交，提交文件可以用后缀的方法）

git commit -m "text commit"

注：后续会说明提交事务的代码；

（5）利用ssh完成git和github的绑定（绑定完的可以跳过）

如果是新下载的git，需要利用ssh完成git和github的绑定：

• 首先查看本机是否装有SSH key：

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo (master)
$ ssh
usage: ssh [-46AaCfGgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-B bind_interface]
           [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec] [-D [bind_address:]port]
           [-E log_file] [-e escape_char] [-F configfile] [-I pkcs11]
           [-i identity_file] [-J [user@]host[:port]] [-L address]
           [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec] [-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-p port]
           [-Q query_option] [-R address] [-S ctl_path] [-W host:port]
           [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]] destination [command [argument ...]]

• 输入ssh-keygen -t rsa

注：表示我们指定 RSA 算法生成密钥，然后敲三次回车键，期间不需要输入密码，之后就就会生成两个文件，分别为id_rsa和id_rsa.pub，即密钥id_rsa和公钥id_rsa.pub.（会显示生成的具体目录）。

• 我们要做的事情就是把公钥id_rsa.pub的内容添加到 GitHub。

 

• 测试绑定是否成功：

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo (master)
$ ssh -T git@github.com
Hi AIhang427! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.

• 开始前我们需要先设置提交的用户信息，包括用户名和邮箱：： 

$ git config --global user.name 'runoob'
$ git config --global user.email test@runoob.com

 （6）提交代码

首先需要将本地的仓库和github的仓库进行关联：

注：demo_test这个名字是我自己随便起的，用来代替下面的github网址
 

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo (master)
$ git remote add demo_test https://github.com/AIhang427/test.git

如果出现连接超时，基本就是代理出问题：（使用如下命令解决）

git config --global --unset http.proxy
 
git config --global --unset https.proxy

然后，我们就可以提交代码到github库了：

完整的流程：

git add .(文件name) //添加文件到本地仓库
git commit -m “first commit” //添加文件描述信息
git remote add origin + 远程仓库地址 //链接远程仓库，创建主分支
git pull origin master --allow-unrelated-histories // 把远程仓库的文件更新到本地
git push -u origin master //把本地仓库的文件推送到远程仓库

注： 一般来说，自己本地建的仓库和远程仓库是两个仓库，所以直接 git pull origin master会报错。所以我们在后面加--allow-unrelated-histories，不然容易报错 fatal: refusing to merge unrelated histories，因为这是两个不同的仓库，git不会合并，会导致无法拉取。

如下命令：

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in F:/abcm/test/demo/.git/

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo (master)
$ git add new_git.txt

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo (master)
$ git commit -m "text commit"
[master (root-commit) 608fdb3] text commit
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 new_git.txt

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo (master)
$ git remote add origin https://github.com/AIhang427/test.git

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo (master)
$ git config --global --unset http.proxy

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo (master)
$ git config --global --unset https.proxy

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo (master)
$ git pull origin master --allow-unrelated-histories
From https://github.com/AIhang427/test
 * branch            master     -> FETCH_HEAD
Merge made by the 'ort' strategy.
 hit.txt | 0
 tongbu  | 1 +
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 hit.txt
 create mode 100644 tongbu

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/demo (master)
$ git push origin master
Enumerating objects: 5, done.
Counting objects: 100% (5/5), done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 503 bytes | 251.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
To https://github.com/AIhang427/test.git
   df4bb58..2bab414  master -> master

注：          git push -u origin master 是默认相同的分支进行上传和拉取。因此我们可以自定义远程的分支：

$ git push <远程主机名> <本地分支名>:<远程分支名>

二：远程拉取github仓库

远程拉取仓库

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test
$ git clone -b master https://github.com/AIhang427/test.git
Cloning into 'test'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 16, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (16/16), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (8/8), done.
remote: Total 16 (delta 0), reused 7 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (16/16), done.

这里就不需要上面那么麻烦了：git push origin master 就可以直接上传提交代码了。

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/test (master)
$ git add ceshi.txt

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/test (master)
$ git commit -m "text commit"
[master f495882] text commit
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 ceshi.txt

Legion@DESKTOP-50MDCO6 MINGW64 /f/abcm/test/test (master)
$ git push origin master
Enumerating objects: 3, done.
Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (2/2), 235 bytes | 235.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 2 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), completed with 1 local object.
To https://github.com/AIhang427/test.git
   2bab414..f495882  master -> master

三：事务提交等一些操作的简化和细节