0.开头
我在毕设中,希望通过点击切换底部菜单栏改变显示内容,意思是这样子的:
所以先测试一下fragment的使用。
1.简单介绍一下fragment
- Fragment在Android3.0中引入,设计初衷是适应大屏幕的平板电脑;
- 我们可以把他看成一个小型的Activity,又称Activity片段;
- 使用Fragment可以把屏幕划分成几块,然后进行分组,进行模块化管理;
- 使用它可以更加方便的在运行过程中动态地更新Activity的用户界面。
- 参考http://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/android-tutorial-fragment-base.html
2.代码编写思路
此次要实现的目标,并不是开头说的底部栏切换主界面,而是这样的:
- 首先,创建编写主界面布局:activity_main.xml,如上图;并加载到MainActivity.java中;
- 其次,编写fragment_demo1.xml和fragment_demo2.xml;并对应加载到FragmentDemo1.java和FragmentDemo2.java中;
- 最后,在MainActivity.java中为按钮设置监听事件,点击实现fragment的动态替换。
3.对应代码及运行情况
activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="#7003A9F4"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_marginTop="50dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="20dp"
android:layout_marginRight="20dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
android:background="#52226883"
>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
android:layout_marginTop="50dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="50dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="50dp"
android:layout_marginRight="50dp"
android:textSize="30sp"
android:text="按钮1"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
android:layout_marginTop="50dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="50dp"
android:layout_marginRight="50dp"
android:textSize="30sp"
android:text="按钮2"
/>
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/linearlayout_fragment"
android:layout_width="340dp"
android:layout_height="428dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:layout_marginTop="50dp"
android:background="#57000000"
android:orientation="horizontal">
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
fragment_demo1.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center"
tools:context=".FragmentDemo1">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textview_fragment1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:text="11111Fragment11111"
android:textSize="30sp" />
</LinearLayout>
fragment_demo2.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center"
tools:context=".FragmentDemo2">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textview_fragment2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:text="22222Fragment22222"
android:textSize="30sp" />
</LinearLayout>
FragmentDemo1.java
package com.yh.fragmenttest;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
/**
* A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
*/
public class FragmentDemo1 extends Fragment {
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// Inflate the layout for this fragment
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_demo1, container, false);
}
}
FragmentDemo2.java
package com.yh.fragmenttest;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
/**
* A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
*/
public class FragmentDemo2 extends Fragment {
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// Inflate the layout for this fragment
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_demo2, container, false);
}
}
MainActivity.java
package com.yh.fragmenttest;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
private Button bt1;
private Button bt2;
private LinearLayout linearLayoutFragment;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initView();
bt1.setOnClickListener(this);
bt2.setOnClickListener(this);
}
//初始化组件
private void initView(){
bt1 = findViewById(R.id.button1);
bt2 = findViewById(R.id.button2);
linearLayoutFragment = findViewById(R.id.linearlayout_fragment);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.button1:
//创建碎片fragment实例
FragmentDemo1 fragmentDemo1 = new FragmentDemo1();
//获取fragment manager
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
//开启一个事务
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
//用replace方法向容器中添加碎片fragment
fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.linearlayout_fragment,fragmentDemo1);
//提交事务
fragmentTransaction.commit();
break;
case R.id.button2:
FragmentDemo2 fragmentDemo2 = new FragmentDemo2();
FragmentManager fragmentManager2 = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction2 = fragmentManager2.beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction2.replace(R.id.linearlayout_fragment,fragmentDemo2);
fragmentTransaction2.commit();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
运行情况: