MySQL5.6.17 搭建主从同步

一、环境：

主机IP	操作系统版本	MySQL版本	安装方法	角色
10.0.0.13（master）	centos7.3	5.6.17	源码编译安装	主库
10.0.0.14（slave）	centos7.3	5.6.17	源码编译安装	从库

 

二、数据库安装步骤：

              查看以下链接：https://mp.csdn.net/postedit/82810888

 

三、配置主从同步：

1.配置主服务器master（10.0.0.14）：

一、vim /etc/my.cnf 加入以下两行，后重启mysqld服务

server_id = 1
log_bin=mysql-bin

二、创建一个用于复制的账户

mysql> create user admin@'%' identified by 'password';
 
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to admin@'%';
 
mysql> flush privileges;

三、主服务器备份数据，并传输到从

mysql>  flush tables with read lock;
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |     120 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --all-databases | gzip > bak.sql.gz
[root@localhost ~]# scp bak.sql.gz root@10.0.0.15:/root/

mysql> unlock tables;

2.配置从服务器slave（10.0.0.15）：

先恢复数据,恢复后和主库一致

[root@localhost bin]# gunzip bak.sql.gz
[root@localhost bin]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql> source /root/bak.sql;

[root@localhost bin]# vi /etc/my.cnf
添加如下内容
server-id = 2
重启服务器
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql restar

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.14',
-> MASTER_USER='admin',   
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=120;

MASTER_HOST指的是主服务器的IP地址，
MASTER_USER指的是复制的账户
MASTER_PASSWORD指的是账户的密码
MASTER_PORT指的是主服务器端口
MASTER_LOG_FILE指的是bin-log的文件
MASTER_LOG_POS指的是日志文件位

3.从服务器启动slave线程

mysql> start slave;
mysql> show processlist;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+---------------+
| Id | User        | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State                                                                       | Info             | Rows_sent | Rows_examined |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+---------------+
|  1 | system user |           | NULL | Connect |  714 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it | NULL             |         0 |             0 |
|  2 | system user |           | NULL | Connect |  714 | Waiting for master to send event                                            | NULL             |         0 |             0 |
|  4 | root        | localhost | NULL | Query   |    0 | init                                                                        | show processlist |         0 |             0 |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+---------------+
rows in set (0.08 sec)

4.测试

      主库或从库插入数据，验证是否同步。

5.管理主从

查看从服务器状态

mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.47.5
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3307
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000036
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 3484
               Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 283
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000036
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 3484
              Relay_Log_Space: 460
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 86d34969-fa5d-11e6-b372-000c29c88c3f
             Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
row in set (0.00 sec)

主从同步异常处理方法：

重启master库：service mysqld restart

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| mysql-bin.000001 |       98 |              |                  | 

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

mysql> slave stop;

mysql> change master to Master_Log_File='mysql-bin.000001',Master_Log_Pos=98;

mysql> slave start;

mysql> show slave status\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

             Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

                Master_Host: 192.168.3.21

                Master_User: slave

                Master_Port: 3307

              Connect_Retry: 60

            Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

        Read_Master_Log_Pos: 98

             Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002

              Relay_Log_Pos: 235

      Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

           Slave_IO_Running: Yes

          Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

            Replicate_Do_DB: 

    Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 

Replicate_Ignore_DB: 

         Replicate_Do_Table: 

     Replicate_Ignore_Table: 

    Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 

                 Last_Errno: 0

                 Last_Error: 

               Skip_Counter: 0

        Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 98

            Relay_Log_Space: 235

            Until_Condition: None

             Until_Log_File: 

              Until_Log_Pos: 0

         Master_SSL_Allowed: No

         Master_SSL_CA_File: 

         Master_SSL_CA_Path: 

            Master_SSL_Cert: 

          Master_SSL_Cipher: 

             Master_SSL_Key: 

      Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

关心的两个信息是Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running是否是YES。Slave_IO_Running是从主服务器读取BINLOG日志，并写入到从服务器的中继日志中；Slave_SQL_Running负责读取和执行中继日志信息。

注意：如果需要从服务器禁止写入操作，则需要更改参数read-only，使从服务器非root账户只能读数据。