13. 罗马数字转阿拉伯数字
13. Roman to Integer
LeetCode 12 的镜像问题
Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I
, V
, X
, L
, C
, D
and M
.
Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
For example, two is written as II
in Roman numeral, just two one’s added together. Twelve is written as, XII
, which is simply X
+ II
. The number twenty seven is written as XXVII
, which is XX
+ V
+ II
.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII
. Instead, the number four is written as IV
. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX
. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
I
can be placed beforeV
(5) andX
(10) to make 4 and 9.X
can be placed beforeL
(50) andC
(100) to make 40 and 90.C
can be placed beforeD
(500) andM
(1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
Example 1:
Input: "III"
Output: 3
Example 2:
Input: "IV"
Output: 4
Example 3:
Input: "IX"
Output: 9
Example 4:
Input: "LVIII"
Output: 58
Explanation: L = 50, V= 5, III = 3.
Example 5:
Input: "MCMXCIV"
Output: 1994
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
从头往后扫描转换
根据阿拉伯数字和罗马数字的关键建立映射。只需遍历整个字符串一次,通过映射关系找到对应的阿拉伯数字的值,然后相加即可。对于IV这样子的罗马数字,采用字符比较的方式进行判定。若前一个字符比后一个字符所代表的意思小的话,那么应该减去前一个字符的值。
class Solution {
public int romanToInt(String s) {
Map<Character,Integer> map = new HashMap<Character,Integer>(){{
put('I',1);
put('V',5);
put('X',10);
put('L',50);
put('C',100);
put('D',500);
put('M',1000);
}};
int result = map.get(s.charAt(0));
int sLen = s.length();
for(int i = 1; i < sLen ;i++){
int pre = map.get(s.charAt(i - 1));
int cur = map.get(s.charAt(i));
if(cur <= pre){
result += cur;
} else {
result += (cur - 2 * pre);
}
}
return result;
}
}
从后往前转换
同样也可以从后往前转换。处理IV这样子的数字的时候,采用的处理方式也和刚才一样。当遇到I时,和上一个扫过的V进行对比。
class Solution {
public int romanToInt(String s) {
Map<Character,Integer> map = new HashMap<Character,Integer>(){{
put('I',1);
put('V',5);
put('X',10);
put('L',50);
put('C',100);
put('D',500);
put('M',1000);
}};
int sLen = s.length();
int result = 0;
int n = result;
for(int i = sLen - 1; i >= 0; i--){
int cur = map.get(s.charAt(i));
if(cur < n){
result -= cur;
} else {
result += cur;
}
n = cur;
}
return result;
}
}
} else {
result += cur;
}
n = cur;
}
return result;
}
}