多线程下的数据安全 问题

多线程下的数据安全 问题

在unix下如果不加锁使用全局变量会产生数据安全问题，比如，不安全的做法

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stropts.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <net/route.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define NLOOP 5

int counter=0;

//pthread_mutex_t counter_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

void *doit(void*);

int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
    pthread_t tidA,tidB;

    pthread_create(&tidA,NULL,&doit,NULL);
    pthread_create(&tidB,NULL,&doit,NULL);

    pthread_join(tidA,NULL);
    pthread_join(tidB,NULL);

    exit(0);
}

void *doit(void *vptr)
{
    int i,val;

    for(i = 0;i<NLOOP;i++)
    {
//        pthread_mutex_lock(&counter_mutex);
    printf("(thread)%lu:%d\n",pthread_self(),counter+1);
    counter = counter+1;
//        pthread_mutex_unlock(&counter_mutex);
    }




    return NULL;
}

运行结果并没有像预期的一样：

/test1/cmake-build-debug/xing2233 inet4 0
(thread)140467018442496:1
(thread)140467018442496:2
(thread)140467018442496:3
(thread)140467018442496:4
(thread)140467018442496:5
(thread)140467026835200:1
(thread)140467026835200:7
(thread)140467026835200:8
(thread)140467026835200:9
(thread)140467026835200:10

Process finished with exit code 0

如果我们使用互斥锁就可以解决：

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stropts.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <net/route.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define NLOOP 5

int counter=0;

pthread_mutex_t counter_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

void *doit(void*);

int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
    pthread_t tidA,tidB;

    pthread_create(&tidA,NULL,&doit,NULL);
    pthread_create(&tidB,NULL,&doit,NULL);

    pthread_join(tidA,NULL);
    pthread_join(tidB,NULL);

    exit(0);
}

void *doit(void *vptr)
{
    int i,val;

    for(i = 0;i<NLOOP;i++)
    {
    pthread_mutex_lock(&counter_mutex);
    printf("(thread)%lu:%d\n",pthread_self(),counter+1);
    counter = counter+1;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&counter_mutex);
    }

    return NULL;
}

运行结果：

/test1/cmake-build-debug/xing2233 inet4 0
(thread)140137220212480:1
(thread)140137220212480:2
(thread)140137220212480:3
(thread)140137220212480:4
(thread)140137211819776:5
(thread)140137211819776:6
(thread)140137211819776:7
(thread)140137211819776:8
(thread)140137211819776:9
(thread)140137220212480:10

Process finished with exit code 0

错误出现的原因：

线程A运行，把counter的值装载到一个寄存器

系统把线程A切换到线程B。A的寄存器被保存，B的寄存器则被恢复

线程B执行与表达式counter++相对应的5条指令，把新值存储到conn

过一段时间线程B却换回A，A的寄存器被恢复，A从原来的地方继续执行，把寄存器的值counter递加，然后存入conn。最终结果显示错乱