CountDownLatch是Java并发包(java.util.concurrent)中一个工具类,它可以帮助我们实现线程之间的同步和协作。CountDownLatch的核心思想是通过计数器来控制线程的执行顺序。当计数器的值降为0时,所有等待的线程都会被唤醒,然后开始执行后续操作。
CountDownLatch有且只有CountDownLatch(int count)一个构造器,并且你需要指定数量,并且你不得在中途修改它,这点务必牢记!
核心函数
- await():等待latch降为0;
- boolean await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit):等待latch降为0,设置超时时间。
- countDown():latch数量减1;
- getCount():获取当前的latch数量。
一.原理
CountDownLatch的实现原理是基于AbstractQueuedSynchronizer类的。当我们调用await()方法时,线程会尝试获取锁,如果计数器的值不为0,则获取锁失败,线程会被加入到同步队列中阻塞。当我们调用countDown()方法时,计数器的值会减1,如果计数器的值减为0,表示所有线程都已经执行完毕,此时同步队列中的线程会被唤醒,继续执行下一步操作。
public class CountDownLatch {
private static final class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 4982264981922014374L;
Sync(int count) {
setState(count);
}
int getCount() {
return getState();
}
protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
return (getState() == 0) ? 1 : -1;
}
protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
// Decrement count; signal when transition to zero
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
if (c == 0)
return false;
int nextc = c - 1;
if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
return nextc == 0;
}
}
}
private final Sync sync;
//构造函数
public CountDownLatch(int count) {
if (count < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("count < 0");
this.sync = new Sync(count);
}
public boolean await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
return sync.tryAcquireSharedNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
}
public void countDown() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}
}
二.实践
读取Excel文件内容,并且使用行数初始化CountDownLatch,线程池修改每一行Excel数据后调用countDown()。使用await()方法保证全部数据修改后写入一个新的Excel文件,伪代码如下:
//定义线程池
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
//rowCount为Excel文件行数
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(rowCount);
executorService.execute(() -> {
//修改每一行Excel内容
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
countDownLatch.await();
//写入Excel文件
ExcelWriter.write()