记一次cms垃圾回收器频繁Major GC

gclog 发现young gc频率有点频繁

jmap查看内存对象，未发现内存泄漏行为，major gc后堆内存大小大部分被清理干净。
因此怀疑是年轻代设置不合理，导致应该在young gc阶段被清理的对象，晋升到年老代
jmap -heap pid 查看堆内存大小

发现年轻代过小，与印象中的默认年轻代:年老代=1:2，有区别

查资料了解到，针对不同的垃圾回收器JVM会进行一些参数优化，我们使用的是CMS垃圾回收器，源码链接：
https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk-jdk8u/blob/master/hotspot/src/share/vm/runtime/arguments.cpp
当不手动配置MaxNewSize和NewRatio，年轻代取值如下

// If either MaxNewSize or NewRatio is set on the command line,
  // assume the user is trying to set the size of the young gen.
  if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxNewSize) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewRatio)) {

    // Set MaxNewSize to our calculated preferred_max_new_size unless
    // NewSize was set on the command line and it is larger than
    // preferred_max_new_size.
    if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {   // NewSize explicitly set at command-line
      FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxNewSize, MAX2(NewSize, preferred_max_new_size));
    } else {
      FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxNewSize, preferred_max_new_size);
    }
    if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
      // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
      tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set MaxNewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, MaxNewSize);
    }

    // Code along this path potentially sets NewSize and OldSize
    if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
      // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
      tty->print_cr("CMS set min_heap_size: " SIZE_FORMAT
           " initial_heap_size:  " SIZE_FORMAT
           " max_heap: " SIZE_FORMAT,
           min_heap_size(), InitialHeapSize, max_heap);
    }
    size_t min_new = preferred_max_new_size;
    if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewSize)) {
      min_new = NewSize;
    }
    if (max_heap > min_new && min_heap_size() > min_new) {
      // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, make young gen
      // at least min_new, and at most preferred_max_new_size.
      if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
        FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, NewSize, MAX2(NewSize, min_new));
        FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, NewSize, MIN2(preferred_max_new_size, NewSize));
        if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
          // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
          tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set NewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, NewSize);
        }
      }
      // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size old gen
      // so it's NewRatio x of NewSize.
      if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldSize)) {
        if (max_heap > NewSize) {
          FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, OldSize, MIN2(NewRatio*NewSize, max_heap - NewSize));
          if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
            // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
            tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set OldSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, OldSize);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

preferred_max_new_size是根据年轻代比例和 gc线程数算出两个大小，取最小值。
MIN2(max_heap/(NewRatio+1), ScaleForWordSize(young_gen_per_worker * parallel_gc_threads))
gc线程数默认当cpu小于等于8时，取的cpu核心数
计算可知：64M（硬件相关） * 2（核心相关） * 13 / 10 = 166.4，再做一下字节对齐就等于166.375M，所以我们2c8g的年轻代大小就不太合理，修改完成后Major GC频率降低至约每天一次

备注：该优化会将对象从年轻代升到年老代历经的回收次数修改为6，源码如下

// Now make adjustments for CMS
intx   tenuring_default = (intx)6;

...
// Unless explicitly requested otherwise, definitely
// promote all objects surviving "tenuring_default" scavenges.
if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxTenuringThreshold) &&
    FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
  FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, tenuring_default);
}