模式定义:
定义对象间的一种一对多(变化)的依赖关系,以便当一个对象(Subject)的状态发生变化时,所有依赖与它的对象都得到通知并自动更新。
UML图:
代码示例:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <list>
using namespace std;
class Subject;
//抽象观察者
class Observer
{
protected:
string name;
Subject *sub;
public:
Observer(string name, Subject *sub)
{
this->name = name;
this->sub = sub;
}
virtual void update() = 0;
};
//具体的观察者,看股票的
class StockObserver :public Observer
{
public:
StockObserver(string name, Subject *sub) :Observer(name, sub)
{
}
void update();
};
//具体的观察者,看NBA的
class NBAObserver :public Observer
{
public:
NBAObserver(string name, Subject *sub) :Observer(name, sub)
{
}
void update();
};
//抽象通知者
class Subject
{
protected:
list<Observer*> observers;
public:
string action;
virtual void attach(Observer*) = 0;
virtual void detach(Observer*) = 0;
virtual void notify() = 0;
};
//具体通知者,秘书
class Secretary :public Subject
{
void attach(Observer *observer)
{
observers.push_back(observer);
}
void detach(Observer *observer)
{
list<Observer *>::iterator iter = observers.begin();
while (iter != observers.end())
{
if ((*iter) == observer)
{
observers.erase(iter);
}
++iter;
}
}
void notify()
{
list<Observer *>::iterator iter = observers.begin();
while (iter != observers.end())
{
(*iter)->update();
++iter;
}
}
};
void StockObserver::update()
{
cout << name << " 收到消息:" << sub->action << endl;
if (sub->action == "梁所长来了!")
{
cout << "我马上关闭股票,装做很认真工作的样子!" << endl;
}
}
void NBAObserver::update()
{
cout << name << " 收到消息:" << sub->action << endl;
if (sub->action == "梁所长来了!")
{
cout << "我马上关闭NBA,装做很认真工作的样子!" << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
Subject *dwq = new Secretary(); //创建观察者<br> //被观察的对象
Observer *xs = new NBAObserver("xiaoshuai", dwq);
Observer *zy = new NBAObserver("zouyue", dwq);
Observer *lm = new StockObserver("limin", dwq);
//加入观察队列
dwq->attach(xs);
dwq->attach(zy);
dwq->attach(lm);
//事件
dwq->action = "去吃饭了!";<br> //通知
dwq->notify();
cout << endl;
dwq->action = "梁所长来了!";
dwq->notify();
return 0;
}