@SpringbootApplication注释是什么意思？

什么是springboot？

Spring Boot是由Pivotal团队提供的全新框架，其设计目的是用来简化新Spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。该框架使用了特定的方式来进行配置，从而使开发人员不再需要定义样板化的配置。通过这种方式，Spring Boot致力于在蓬勃发展的快速应用开发领域(rapid application development)成为领导者。

我们以前编写项目用到的框架基本上是SSM/SSH等等，搭建项目的时候你会发现你需要配置一大堆配置文件，比如：spring配置文件、mybatis配置文件、bean装配等等，这些都会耗费程序员大量的时间，然后就有团队注意到这个问题了，如果这些配置文件都能省略，直接业务开发，那岂不是爽歪歪？于是springboot就出来，它能就简化90%的配置文件，实现自动装配。

搭建一个springbbot项目

1.新建项目

工具：idea

新建项目的时候选择Spring Initializr

这里按照自己的要求填写即可，下一步

引入你需要的依赖，我这里引入了spring web，web项目要运行，它必不可少，点击next，后面是路径和名字的配置，可以自己填写，最后点击finsh，springboot项目就建好了。

请看新建项目的pom文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.ymy</groupId>
    <artifactId>first-springboot</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>first-springboot</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

我们再来看一下项目的整个结构：

 这里我们写一个测试controller：TestController

package com.ymy.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class TestController {


    @GetMapping(value = "/test")
    public String test(){

        return "HELLO-BUG!!!";
    }
}

代码很简单，就是一个普通的get请求，那现在如何启动项目呢？

2.启动项目

找到FirstSpringbootApplication这个类，你会发现这个类里面有一个main函数，没错，运行main函数即可。

package com.ymy;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class FirstSpringbootApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FirstSpringbootApplication.class, args);
    }

}

这里还需要说明一点，我到目前为止并没有指定项目的端口号，那我启动的时候会不会报错呢？我们来看：

我们并没有指定tomcat和端口，为什么执行main函数的时候会加载这两个？这里都是springboot默认给我配置的，再不配置的情况下默认使用toamcat与端口8080，你可以将tomcat改成jetty。

下面我们来测试一下，浏览器输入：localhost:8080/test 

到此，springboot项目就算搭建成功了，不知道你有没有发现在启动类中有这么一个注解：@SpringBootApplication，知道他代表者什么吗？

@SpringBootApplication

不知道你们有没有接触过springboot1.5之前的版本，如果接触过的话，应该会对这三个注解很熟：@SpringBootConfiguration、@ComponentScan、@Configuration，这三个注解构成了springboot启动的必要条件。

1.@SpringBootConfiguration：负责激活springboot自动装配机制。

2.@ComponentScan：激活@Component扫描。

3.@Configuration：声明被标注为配置类。

这三个注解让我们省去了大量的配置文件，但是在springboot1.5之后的版本基本上就看不到他们了，代替他们的是：@SpringBootApplication，它实现了上面三个注解实现的所有功能，我们一起来看一下这个神奇的注解：

这是 @SpringBootApplication注解的源码，注意我标记出来的三个注解，其中有两个是前面讲到的三个注解中的两个相同，那还有一个@Configuration注解在哪里实现的？注意看@SpringBootConfiguration这个注解：

藏得有点深，但最终还是引用了 @Configuration注解，所以@SpringBootApplication注解等同于@SpringBootConfiguration、@ComponentScan、@Configuration。

但是，有一点需要注意一下，那就是@SpringBootApplication中的@ComponentScan并非使用了默认值，它添加了排除的FilterType实现：TypeExcludeFilter与AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter，第一个是spring boot1.4引入的用于查找BeanFactory中已经注册的TypeExcludeFilter Bean，作为代理对象。

TypeExcludeFilter源码：

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2019 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.boot.context;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collection;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.core.type.classreading.MetadataReader;
import org.springframework.core.type.classreading.MetadataReaderFactory;
import org.springframework.core.type.filter.TypeFilter;

/**
 * Provides exclusion {@link TypeFilter TypeFilters} that are loaded from the
 * {@link BeanFactory} and automatically applied to {@code SpringBootApplication}
 * scanning. Can also be used directly with {@code @ComponentScan} as follows:
 * <pre class="code">
 * &#064;ComponentScan(excludeFilters = @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class))
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * Implementations should provide a subclass registered with {@link BeanFactory} and
 * override the {@link #match(MetadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory)} method. They should
 * also implement a valid {@link #hashCode() hashCode} and {@link #equals(Object) equals}
 * methods so that they can be used as part of Spring test's application context caches.
 * <p>
 * Note that {@code TypeExcludeFilters} are initialized very early in the application
 * lifecycle, they should generally not have dependencies on any other beans. They are
 * primarily used internally to support {@code spring-boot-test}.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @since 1.4.0
 */
public class TypeExcludeFilter implements TypeFilter, BeanFactoryAware {

	private BeanFactory beanFactory;

	@Override
	public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
		this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory)
			throws IOException {
		if (this.beanFactory instanceof ListableBeanFactory && getClass() == TypeExcludeFilter.class) {
			Collection<TypeExcludeFilter> delegates = ((ListableBeanFactory) this.beanFactory)
					.getBeansOfType(TypeExcludeFilter.class).values();
			for (TypeExcludeFilter delegate : delegates) {
				if (delegate.match(metadataReader, metadataReaderFactory)) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		throw new IllegalStateException("TypeExcludeFilter " + getClass() + " has not implemented equals");
	}

	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		throw new IllegalStateException("TypeExcludeFilter " + getClass() + " has not implemented hashCode");
	}

}

而springboot1.5开始支持用于排除其他同时标注 @Configuration和@EnableAutoConfiguration的类。

AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter源码如下：

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2019 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanClassLoaderAware;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader;
import org.springframework.core.type.classreading.MetadataReader;
import org.springframework.core.type.classreading.MetadataReaderFactory;
import org.springframework.core.type.filter.TypeFilter;

/**
 * A {@link TypeFilter} implementation that matches registered auto-configuration classes.
 *
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @since 1.5.0
 */
public class AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter implements TypeFilter, BeanClassLoaderAware {

	private ClassLoader beanClassLoader;

	private volatile List<String> autoConfigurations;

	@Override
	public void setBeanClassLoader(ClassLoader beanClassLoader) {
		this.beanClassLoader = beanClassLoader;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory)
			throws IOException {
		return isConfiguration(metadataReader) && isAutoConfiguration(metadataReader);
	}

	private boolean isConfiguration(MetadataReader metadataReader) {
		return metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata().isAnnotated(Configuration.class.getName());
	}

	private boolean isAutoConfiguration(MetadataReader metadataReader) {
		return getAutoConfigurations().contains(metadataReader.getClassMetadata().getClassName());
	}

	protected List<String> getAutoConfigurations() {
		if (this.autoConfigurations == null) {
			this.autoConfigurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(EnableAutoConfiguration.class,
					this.beanClassLoader);
		}
		return this.autoConfigurations;
	}

}