CentOS系列之简单搭建ftp服务器

注：以下全部是以CentOS 6为例

# 如果有需要的小伙伴可以将yum源转换到国内可以将以下shell粘贴带命令行等待执行结果

cd /etc/yum.repos.d
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache

1、安装vsftp和ftp(可安可不安)

# 安装vsftp,ftp
yum install vsftp
# ftp 可不安装，不影响
yum install ftp

2、创建ftp所需要的用户

#添加组
groupadd -g 1002 vsftpd
#创建用户组目录
mkdir -p /home/vsftpd
#添加用户
useradd -c "FTP User" -d /home/vsftpd/vsftpd -g vsftpd -s /sbin/nologin -u 1002 vsftpd
useradd -c "FTP User" -d /home/vsftpd/test -g vsftpd -s /sbin/nologin test
#设置密码(格式：passswd 用户名)，输入密码回车，再次输入密码回车
passwd vsftpd
passwd test
#创建指定访问目录
mkdir -p /data/vsftpd
mkdir -p /data/test
#更改权限
chown vsftpd:vsftpd /data/vsftpd
chown vsftpd:vsftpd /data/test
chmod -R 775 /data/vsftpd
chmod -R 775 /data/test

注：以后想添加用户可以以这为摸版进行创建

3、可以查看添加进来的新用户

cat /etc/passwd
#如下
# vsftpd:x:1002:1002:FTP User:/home/vsftpd/vsftpd:/sbin/nologin
# test:x:1003:1002:FTP User:/home/vsftpd/test:/sbin/nologin

注：/bin/false跟/sbin/nologin的区别!
1、/bin/false什么也不做只是返回一个错误状态,然后立即退出。将用户的shell设置为/bin/false,用户会无法登录,并且不会有任何提示。
2、/sbin/nologin会礼貌的向用户显示一条信息,并拒绝用户登录:This account is currently not available.
3、有一些软件,比如一些ftp服务器软件,对于本地非虚拟账户,只有用户有有效的shell才能使用ftp服务。这时候就可以使用/sbin/nologin使用户即不能登录系统,还能使用一些系统服务,比如ftp服务。/bin/false则不行,这是二者的重要区别之一

4、修改配置文件

#备份原文件
mv /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.txt
#生成新的配置文件
touch /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#编辑配置文件
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

4.1、粘贴下面这些配置到vsftpd.conf

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file.
# This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES
# WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files.
# NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
ascii_upload_enable=YES
ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
chroot_local_user=NO
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES

5、设置FTP用户信息

#建立限制用户访问目录的空文件
touch /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#添加ftp用户进来
vim /etc/vsftpd/user_list
#注释掉上面的用户，在后面加上
vsftpd
test
#创建日志文件
mkdir -p /var/log/vsftpd
mkdir -p /var/log/test
touch /var/log/vsftpd/xferlog
touch /var/log/vsftpd/vsftpd.log
touch /var/log/vsftpd/test.log

6、处理防火墙

# 查看防火墙是否有端口,有就退出编辑，没有就执行下句
vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
#添加端口
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 20000:30000 -j ACCEPT
#保存
/etc/init.d/iptables save
#另外需要注意，如果是阿里云的，还需要登录阿里云在安全组里面添加入方向规则
#重启iptables 服务
service iptables restart

7、重启vsftpd服务

#停止vsftpd 服务
service vsftpd stop
#启动vsftpd 服务
service vsftpd start
#重启vsftpd 服务
service vsftpd restart

8、测试

8.1、在浏览器中

8.2、在pycharm中测试