文章要点:
1. 为Controller编写测试,不需要应用服务器环境
2. 为Service编写测试,不需要应用服务器环境
Spring为我们提供了一个测试套件Spring-test,与JUnit结合,可以在运行测试时启动IoC容器测试Service,数据库,也可以在脱离web容器的环境下模拟http请求测试Controller,甚是给力。
测试Controller
当我们编写完一个Controller后,常规的测试方式就是部署运行应用,然后观察运行效果。如果想要编写测试,也要用Mock对象模拟请求参数,模拟HttpSession,特别麻烦。现在spring-test为我们提供了一个更加优雅的测试方式。例如,要测试下面的Controller:
- @RequestMapping(value = {"/", "/shop"}, method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public String home() {
- return "index";
- }
其对应的测试代码为:
- @Test
- public void testHome() throws Exception {
- MockMvc mock = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(homeController).build();
- mock.perform(get("/")).andExpect(status().isOk())
- .andExpect(forwardedUrl("index"));
- }
在测试代码中,我们向 HomeController 发送GET请求 "/", 然后判断(andExpect()方法)HTTP状态码是否为200,再判断是否跳转到了"index"页面。如果有任何一环出错,测试就会失败。
我们也可以传送请求参数:
- mock.perform(get("/").param("username", "password"))
- .andExpect(status().isOk());
- import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
- import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.forwardedUrl;
- import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
完整的测试代码如下:
- @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
- @ContextConfiguration
- public class HomeControllerTest {
- @Autowired
- private HomeController homeController;
- @Test
- public void testHome() throws Exception {
- MockMvc mock = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(homeController).build();
- mock.perform(get("/")).andExpect(status().isOk())
- .andExpect(forwardedUrl("index"));
- }
测试Service
Service方法一般会联系到数据操作,所以单纯JUnit难以进行测试。但Spring-test可以轻松应对。JUnit通过@RunWith注解将控制权交给Spring,从而让Spring启动IoC容器:
- @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
这样依赖注入就可以使用了(@Autowired注解)。但在使用之前,要配置bean,如果涉及数据库操作,还要配置LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean ,就像我们在web开发中的配置一样。数据库配置bean如下:
- /**
- * 数据库测试配置类
- * @author whf
- *
- */
- @Configuration
- public class DatabaseConfigure {
- @Autowired
- private DataSource dataSource;
- @Autowired
- private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;
- @Bean
- public FactoryBean<EntityManagerFactory> entityManagerFactory() {
- LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean emfb = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
- emfb.setDataSource(this.dataSource);
- emfb.setJpaVendorAdapter(jpaVendorAdapter());
- emfb.setPackagesToScan("你的package");
- Properties prop = new Properties();
- prop.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "create-drop");
- prop.put("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
- prop.put("hibernate.format_sql", "true");
- prop.put("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect");
- emfb.setJpaProperties(prop);
- return emfb;
- }
- @Bean
- public JpaVendorAdapter jpaVendorAdapter() {
- return new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
- }
- @Bean
- public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
- JpaTransactionManager txManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
- txManager.setEntityManagerFactory(this.entityManagerFactory);
- txManager.setDataSource(this.dataSource);
- return txManager;
- }
- @Bean
- public DataSource dataSource() {
- EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder builder = new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder();
- builder.setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2);
- return builder.build();
- }
- }
这样一来我们就可以注入EntityManager了。一个完整的测试代码如下:
- @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
- @ContextConfiguration(classes = {DatabaseConfigure.class,
- DefaultAccountService.class})
- @TransactionConfiguration
- @Transactional(readOnly = true)
- public class AccountServiceTest {
- @Autowired
- private AccountService acService;
- @PersistenceContext
- private EntityManager em;
- private Member m;
- @Before
- @Transactional(readOnly = false)
- public void initAccountData() {
- m = new Member();
- m.setUsername("bruce");
- m.setPassword("3d4f2bf07dc1be38b20cd6e46949a1071f9d0e3d");
- em.persist(m);
- }
- @After
- @Transactional(readOnly = false)
- public void cleanDatabase() {
- m = em.merge(m);
- em.remove(m);
- }
- @Test
- public void testFindByUsername() {
- Member m = acService.findMember("bruce");
- Assert.assertNotNull(m);
- Assert.assertEquals("bruce", m.getUsername());
- Assert.assertEquals("3d4f2bf07dc1be38b20cd6e46949a1071f9d0e3d", m.getPassword());
- }
要运行上述测试代码,需要的maven依赖如下:
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- JDBC连接池 -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
- <version>1.4</version>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
- <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
- <version>1.4.182</version>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
祝大家编码愉快~