【springCloud基础篇-15】Spring Cloud Zuul网关基础入门使用

接上篇文章:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33333654/article/details/103182042

demo代码地址:https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_33333654/12014918

 

首先准备好自己的服务中心。

创建对应的server项目并注册到注册中心,供client调用。我的server项目配置如下:

server:
  port: 9021
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://peer1:8000/eureka/,http://peer2:8001/eureka/,http://peer3:8002/eureka/
spring:
  application:
    name: spring-cloud-config-server
  profiles:
    active: native
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    username: admin
    password: 123456
management:
  security:
    enabled: false

注:这里我添加了配置中心与rabbitmq,如果不需要的话可以注释掉。

server项目的pom依赖:

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-cloud-config-server</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

 resources下创建native-mysql.properties文件,内容为:

native.hello=hello_i_im_mysql_update1

接下来就是需要一个client客户端提供我们调用server同时能够让zuul管理。

创建client项目,我的项目配置bootstrap.yml 文件:

spring:
  cloud:
    config:
      discovery:
        enabled: true
        serviceId: spring-cloud-config-server   #      uri: http://localhost:9021/
      name: native
      profile: mysql
      lable: master
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://peer1:8000/eureka/,http://peer2:8001/eureka/,http://peer3:8002/eureka/

 application.yml文件:

server:
  port: 9031
spring:
  application:
    name: spring-cloud-config-client
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    username: admin
    password: 123456
    virtual-host: /
  cloud:
    bus:
      trace:
        enabled: true
management:
  security:
    enabled: false #springboot 1.5.X以上默认开通了安全认证

注:我这里使用了配置中心和rabbitmq。如果不需要可以自行创建,直接使用 application.yml一个配置文件,将bootstrap.yml配置文件中的配置迁移进来即可。

client项目的Pom文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spirng-cloud-config-client</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spirng-cloud-config-client</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project> 

创建一个controller类:

@RestController
@RefreshScope // 使用该注解的类,会在接到SpringCloud配置中心配置刷新的时候,自动将新的配置更新到该类对应的字段中。
public class HelloController {

    @Value("${native.hello}")
    private String hello;

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String from() {
        return this.hello;
    }

}

好所需的项目已准备。接下来就是zuul使用。

1、简单使用

先用最简单的方式,首先创建Zuul项目

pom文件添加核心依赖:

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>

 我的pom文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>gateway-service-zuul-simple</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>gateway-service-zuul-simple</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project> 

 yml文件添加配置:

server:
  port: 8888
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://peer1:8000/eureka/,http://peer2:8001/eureka/,http://peer3:8002/eureka/
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-service-zuul
zuul:
  routes:
    baidu:
      path: /it/**
      url: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33333654/category_9436879.html

 启动类添加核心注解:

@EnableZuulProxy

接下来测试。

请先启动注册中心,然后启动zuul项目。浏览器访问:http://localhost:8888/it/test

看看是不是到了该界面:

 史上最简单的zuul使用完成。

2、基础使用

是否可以调用其他项目呢?当然可以。

首先启动注册中心,启动rabbitmq(如果你有配置的话),然后分别启动刚才创建的server项目与client项目。

然后修改zuul项目yml文件配置:

server:
  port: 8888
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://peer1:8000/eureka/,http://peer2:8001/eureka/,http://peer3:8002/eureka/
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-service-zuul
zuul:
  routes:
    hello:
      path: /hello/**
      url: http://localhost:9031/

 启动zuul项目,测试。

访问浏览器http://localhost:8888/hello/hello

返回的是你client项目中的hello接口的内容:

hello_i_im_mysql_update1

这是基础使用,接下来是进行服务化操作。

3、服务化

首先复制client项目,修改yml配置文件的端口号为:9032

分别在两个client项目中创建一个接口:

@RequestMapping("/helloByMsg")
public String helloByMsg(@RequestParam String name) {
    return "hello "+name+",this is two messge";
}

 return的内容最好是不一样的。一个是one,一个是two

接下来修改zuul配置文件:

server:
  port: 8888
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://peer1:8000/eureka/,http://peer2:8001/eureka/,http://peer3:8002/eureka/
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-service-zuul
zuul:
  routes:
    api-a:
      path: /client/**
      serviceId: spring-cloud-config-client

 启动server、client两个项目、zuul项目。

浏览器访问:http://localhost:8888/client/helloByMsg?name=冒菜

多次访问,观察内容变化分别为:

hello 冒菜,this is one messge

hello 冒菜,this is two messge

hello 冒菜,this is one messge

hello 冒菜,this is two messge

...

说明通过zuul成功调用了client服务并且做了均衡负载。

网关的默认路由规则

但是如果后端服务多达十几个的时候,每一个都这样配置也挺麻烦的,spring cloud zuul已经帮我们做了默认配置。默认情况下,Zuul会代理所有注册到Eureka Server的微服务,并且Zuul的路由规则如下:http://ZUUL_HOST:ZUUL_PORT/微服务在Eureka上的serviceId/**会被转发到serviceId对应的微服务。

修改zuul配置,注释掉所有zuul配置内容:

server:
  port: 8888
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://peer1:8000/eureka/,http://peer2:8001/eureka/,http://peer3:8002/eureka/
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-service-zuul
#zuul:
#  routes:

#    api-a:
#      path: /client/**
#      serviceId: spring-cloud-config-client

#    hello:
#      path: /hello/**
#      url: http://localhost:9031/

#    baidu:
#      path: /it/**
#      url: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33333654/category_9436879.html

 

重启zuul项目,浏览器访问:

http://localhost:8888/spring-cloud-config-client/helloByMsg?name=冒菜

观察内容跟删次一样

OK完成 

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