当使geometry报错时继承postgis
create extension postgis
将二进制的geometry格式的转换成 4326(经纬度)的格式
update test3 set geom = st_setsrid(geom,4326)
将wkt转成geometry
SELECT ST_GeomFromText(wkt) from gx_hc_ga_za_wgxx
将划线的方向逆序
update table set geom = st_reverse(geom)
查看字段格式:(返回4326==84坐标系)
select st_srid(geometry) from test_shenz limit 4
创建空间索引
create index idx_test_shenz on test_shenz(geom) using gist
创建一个表根据查询的结果(返回一个表):
create table longgang_road as
select a.* from test_longgang as b,test_shenz as a
where st_intersects(b.geom,a.geometry)(查询b包含a里的数据)
将geometry转换成wkt格式:
select st_astext(geometry) from longgang_road limit 3;
将geometry转换成4326坐标系的Geojon格式
select st_asgeojson(geom,4326) as wkt from rbeijing limit 3;
创建索引
create index idx_beijing_id on rbeijing(id)
--删除索引
drop index idx_beijing_id
创建自增主键:
--删除普通id
ALTER TABLE data_monitor DROP COLUMN id;
--增加自增id
alter table "data_monitor" add column "id" serial primary key;
添加字段(默认值获取当前时间now)
alter table "alert_info" add column "update_time" varchar COLLATE "default" DEFAULT now()
删除字段
alter table alert_info drop column if exists update_time;
主键改成 (CP_HM, GPS_SJ)这两个的联合主键:
ALTER TABLE lh_gps_ls_2019_09
ADD CONSTRAINT pk_lh_gps_ls_2019_09 PRIMARY KEY(CP_HM, GPS_SJ)
新增数据时不新增与联合主键重复的数据:ON conflict (CP_HM, GPS_SJ) DO NOTHING
INSERT INTO lh_gps_ls_2019_09 (
RFID_ID,
CP_HM,
WD,
JD,
SD,
GPS_SJ,
GPS_ZT,
FX,
update_time
)
VALUES
(
'4dbc0f5e-36a0-478e-9fe6-4bf4b5414c0b',
'粤BS3869',
'22.627614019424595',
'114.04855342603457',
'0.0',
'2019-09-09 12:21:11',
'0',
'0',
now()
) ON conflict (CP_HM, GPS_SJ) DO
NOTHING
delete数据时不释放内存造成查询过慢问题
--复制表结构
create table internet_personnel_like (like internet_personnel);
--复制表数据
INSERT INTO internet_personnel_like SELECT * FROM internet_personnel;
--删除旧表释放全部存储空间
DROP TABLE internet_personnel;
--将表名复原
ALTER table internet_personnel_like rename to internet_personnel;
--创建旧表就含有的联合索引
ALTER TABLE internet_personnel ADD CONSTRAINT pk_union_internet_personnel PRIMARY KEY(zjhm,swkssj,xwsj)";
数据库中将经纬度转成geometry
ALTER TABLE ajxx ADD geom geometry;
update ajxx set geom=st_geomfromtext('Point('||dqjd||' '||dqwd||')',4326)
插入数据返回id
insert into point(pointtype,pointx,pointy,pointval)values(1,2,3,4) RETURNING id;
将查询的结果导成新表
CREATE TABLE films_recent AS
SELECT * FROM films WHERE date_prod >= '2002-01-01';
关联表更新
update vehicle_manage set own_area_name=qu.id from qu where vehicle_manage.own_area=qu.qname
关联表插入
INSERT INTO car_group_manage_new (name,own_area_name) SELECT cgroup_name,own_area_name from vehicle_manage_new GROUP BY cgroup_name,own_area_name
将查询的数据放在创建新表中
create table test as select substring(code,9,12) as code1 FROM ga_copy
删除null数据
delete from 表名 where 字段名 is null;
根据id更新数据,存在更新不存在插入
INSERT INTO t_user (id,username,type,name) VALUES ('10','hahh','1','sddddd') ON conflict(id)
DO UPDATE SET username ='hahh_tst',type='2',name='sddddd_test'
模糊关联字符串表
with a1 as(
select string_to_array(lens_name, '_') as name_array from lens_manage
)select distinct name_array[1] as cph from a1 where name_array[1] like '粤%';
select a.* from vehicle_manage a where license_plate in (select distinct name_array[1] from a1)
postgresql 字符串转整数 int、intege
字符串转数字
--把'1234'转成整数
select cast('1234' as integer ) ;
--长字符串
CAST (qiyebianma AS int8);
--用substring截取字符串,从第8个字符开始截取2个字符:结果是12
select cast(substring('1234abc12',8,2) as integer)
---使用to_number函数来转换成整数
---to_number(text, text) 返回的类型 numeric 把字串转换成numeric to_number('12,454.8-', '99G999D9S')
select to_number('12121','999999999')
数字转字符串
使用举例:
SELECT to_char(12345, '9999999999999999999')//结果‘ 12345’,结果字符串前面有空格,位数跟格式化模式中9的位数有关;
SELECT to_char(12345, '99999')//结果‘12345’
SELECT to_char(12345, '9999')//结果‘####’,当模式串小于数字个数时,字符串会显示为#,位数跟格式化模式中9的位数有关;
SELECT to_char(12345, '')//结果‘’
切割数据
--用—将数据拆分 取第一个值
SELECT split_part("name",'_',1) from video_test_2
--截取第一个开始8个字符的字段
SELECT substring("name",1,8) from video_test_2
字符串去除空格
字符前的空格,用ltrim(string)
字符后的空格,用rtrim(string)
字符中的空格,用replace(string, ' ', ' ')
例
update qx_users set `NAME`=rtrim(NAME)
update qx_users set `NAME`=ltrim(NAME)
update qx_users set NAME=replace(NAME,' ','')
Postgresql数据的导入和导出,以及copy命令介绍
如何导du出PostgreSQL数据库中的数zhi据:
pg_dump -U postgres -f dump.sql mydatabase
具体某个表dao
pg_dump -U postgres -t mytable -f dump.sql mydatabase
导入数据时首先创建数据库再用psql导入:
createdb newdatabase
psql -d newdatabase -U postgres -f dump.sql
把数据按照自己所想的方式导出,强大的copy命令:
echo "copy students to? stdout DELIMITER '|'"|psql school|head
(students为表名,school为库名,各个字段以|分隔)
echo 'copy (select * from students order by age limit 10) to stdout;' | psql school
复制表结构和数据命令
--复制表结构和数据
select * into tablebackup from table;
--仅复制表结构
create table test_as as select * from user_test2 where 1=0;
将shp文件转成sql 直接入pg库
D:\Program Files\PostgreSQL9.6\bin>shp2pgsql -s 4326 -W "GBK" D:\FZ_PCS_PG_ALL.shp fz_pcs > D:\fz_pcs.sql
异常解决
ERROR: relation "public.kafka_swan_vehicle_id_seq" does not exist
对应解决
新建查询,执行 CREATE SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS XXXX_id_seq;
不等于语句
where id='1' and (name <> '123' or name is NULL)
添加更新时间字段(默认获取当前时间)
ALTER TABLE ajxx ADD COLUMN update_time varchar COLLATE "default" DEFAULT now();
表中含有自增主键导出sql文件 再导入另外一个数据库时自增主键报错问题解决
//有自增字段的表导出成sql文件之后,执行的时候,要在建表之前加上 digitalhub_country_gid_seq 代表主键
DROP SEQUENCE if EXISTS "public"."digitalhub_country_gid_seq";
CREATE SEQUENCE "public"."digitalhub_country_gid_seq"
INCREMENT 1
MINVALUE 1
MAXVALUE 9223372036854775807
START 1
CACHE 1;
就是把之前的删掉了再建
判断两点之间的距离
select ST_Length(Geography(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(116.47 39.89,116.47 39.95)')));
COALESCE函数
SELECT COALESCE(num, 0) as total
将csv文件导入库
copy rtic_data_00(area_id,map_version,time_stamp,mesh_id,number,layer,rtic_kind,rric_travel_time,los,section_count) from '/home/10_csv/00_10.csv' delimiter ',' csv;
替换字符语句
select replace(jwd,',',' ') AS rep from contradiction_dispute_record
查询数据库大小排序
select datname, pg_size_pretty (pg_database_size(datname)) from pg_database ORDER BY pg_database_size(datname) desc
自增id被占用问题
DETAIL: Key (id)=(1) already exists.
--解决方法
select setval('tablename_id_seq', max(id)) from tablename;
delete数据后内存空间释放
mydb=# vacuum full tbl_kenyon ;
VACUUM
mydb=# select pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size('tbl_kenyon'));
pg_size_pretty
----------------
1289 MB
(1 row)
mydb=# select count(*) from tbl_kenyon ;
count
----------
16000000
(1 row)
vacuum 与 vacuum all的区别:
vacuum 就是进行扫除,找到那些旧的“死”数据,把它们所知的行标记为可用状态。但是它不进行空间合并。
vacuum full,就是除了vacuum,还进行空间合并,因此它需要lock table。
而 autovacuum,可以理解为定时自动进行vacuum 。
对于有大量update的表,vacuum full是没有必要的,因为它的空间还会再次增长,所以vacuum就足够了。
坐标转换函数
-- 如果转换后结果为null,查看geom的srid是否为4326或者4490
WGS84转GCJ02
select geoc_wgs84togcj02(geom) from test_table
GCJ02转WGS84
select geoc_gcj02towgs84(geom) from test_table
WGS84转BD09
select geoc_wgs84tobd09(geom) from test_table
BD09转WGS84
select geoc_bd09towgs84(geom) from test_table
CGCS2000转GCJ02
select geoc_cgcs2000togcj02(geom) from test_table
GCJ02转CGCS2000
select geoc_gcj02tocgcs2000(geom) from test_table
CGCS2000转BD09
select geoc_cgcs2000tobd09(geom) from test_table
BD09转CGCS2000
select geoc_bd09tocgcs2000(geom) from test_table
GCJ02转BD09
select geoc_gcj02tobd09(geom) from test_table
BD09转GCJ02
select geoc_bd09togcj02(geom) from test_table
数据导入导出
--导入
psql -U postgres auth </var/lib/postgresql/data/authorization.sql
--导出
pg_dump -p 5432 -U postgres auth >/home/auth.sql
查询数据库表大小
select pg_database_size('car_networking');
select pg_database.datname, pg_size_pretty (pg_database_size('car_networking')) AS size from pg_database;
--按顺序查看索引
select indexrelname, pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(relid)) from pg_stat_user_indexes where schemaname='public' order by pg_relation_size(relid) desc;
--按size大小排序列出所有表
SELECT
table_schema || '.' || table_name
AS table_full_name, pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size('"' ||table_schema || '"."' || table_name || '"')) AS size
FROM
information_schema.tables
ORDER BY
pg_total_relation_size('"' || table_schema || '"."' || table_name || '"')
DESC limit 20
---查询单个表大小
select pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size('table_name'));
PGSQL-查看sql正在运行的进程、查看表是否被锁、解锁表
1.PGSQL-查看sql正在运行的进程
SELECT datname,pid,state,query FROM pg_stat_activity where state='active'
SELECT
procpid,
START,
now() - START AS lap,
current_query
FROM
(
SELECT
backendid,
pg_stat_get_backend_pid (S.backendid) AS procpid,
pg_stat_get_backend_activity_start (S.backendid) AS START,
pg_stat_get_backend_activity (S.backendid) AS current_query
FROM
(
SELECT
pg_stat_get_backend_idset () AS backendid
) AS S
) AS S
WHERE
current_query <> '<IDLE>'
ORDER BY
lap DESC;
procpid:进程id
start:进程开始时间
lap:经过时间
current_query:执行中的sql
怎样停止正在执行的sql
SELECT pg_cancel_backend(进程id);
或者用系统函数
kill -9 进程id;
2.查看表是否被锁,解锁表
select oid from pg_class where relname='m_ss_kjcx_tech_inovate_talent'
select pid from pg_locks where relation='4384913'
--如果查询到了结果,表示该表被锁 则需要释放锁定
select pg_cancel_backend(140650678843136)
通过命令:
=# select pg_cancel_backend(线程id);
来kill掉指定的SQL语句。(这个函数只能 kill Select 查询,而updae,delete DML不生效)
使用可以kill 各种DML(SELECT,UPDATE,DELETE,DROP)操作=
=# select pg_terminate_backend(pid int)
-- PGSQL
select oid from pg_class where relname='m_ss_kjcx_tech_inovate_talent'
select pid from pg_locks where relation='4384913'
--如果查询到了结果,表示该表被锁 则需要释放锁定
select pg_cancel_backend(140650678843136)
--- 来查看有哪些SQL正在执行。 waiting='t'
select pid,backend_start,application_name,query_start,waiting,state ,query from pg_stat_activity where query <>'' order by query_start asc
通过命令:
=# select pg_cancel_backend(线程id);
来kill掉指定的SQL语句。(这个函数只能 kill Select 查询,而updae,delete DML不生效)
使用可以kill 各种DML(SELECT,UPDATE,DELETE,DROP)操作=
=# select pg_terminate_backend(pid int)
常用函数
PostGIS中的常用函数
以下内容包括比较多的尖括号,发布到blogger的时候会显示不正常,内容太多我也无暇一个个手动改代码,因此如有问题就去参考PostGIS官方文档。
首先需要说明一下,这里许多函数是以ST_[X]yyy形式命名的,事实上很多函数也可以通过xyyy的形式访问,在PostGIS的函数库中我们可以看到这两种函数定义完全一样。
1. OGC标准函数
管理函数:
添加几何字段 AddGeometryColumn(, , , , , )
删除几何字段 DropGeometryColumn(, , )
检查数据库几何字段并在geometry_columns中归档 Probe_Geometry_Columns()
给几何对象设置空间参考(在通过一个范围做空间查询时常用)ST_SetSRID(geometry, integer)
几何对象关系函数:
获取两个几何对象间的距离 ST_Distance(geometry, geometry)
如果两个几何对象间距离在给定值范围内,则返回 TRUEST_DWithin(geometry, geometry, float)
判断两个几何对象是否相等
(比如LINESTRING(0 0, 2 2)和LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1, 2 2)是相同的几何对象) ST_Equals(geometry, geometry)
判断两个几何对象是否分离 ST_Disjoint(geometry, geometry)
判断两个几何对象是否相交 ST_Intersects(geometry, geometry)
判断两个几何对象的边缘是否接触 ST_Touches(geometry, geometry)
判断两个几何对象是否互相穿过 ST_Crosses(geometry, geometry)
判断A是否被B包含 ST_Within(geometry A, geometry B)
判断两个几何对象是否是重叠 ST_Overlaps(geometry, geometry)
判断A是否包含B ST_Contains(geometry A, geometry B)
判断A是否覆盖 B ST_Covers(geometry A, geometry B)
判断A是否被B所覆盖 ST_CoveredBy(geometry A, geometry B)
通过DE-9IM 矩阵判断两个几何对象的关系是否成立 ST_Relate(geometry, geometry, intersectionPatternMatrix)
获得两个几何对象的关系(DE-9IM矩阵) ST_Relate(geometry, geometry)
几何对象处理函数:
获取几何对象的中心 ST_Centroid(geometry)
面积量测 ST_Area(geometry)
长度量测 ST_Length(geometry)
返回曲面上的一个点 ST_PointOnSurface(geometry)
获取边界 ST_Boundary(geometry)
获取缓冲后的几何对象 ST_Buffer(geometry, double,[integer])
获取多几何对象的外接对象 ST_ConvexHull(geometry)
获取两个几何对象相交的部分 ST_Intersection(geometry, geometry)
将经度小于0的值加360使所有经度值在0-360间 ST_Shift_Longitude(geometry)
获取两个几何对象不相交的部分(A、B可互换) ST_SymDifference(geometry A,geometry B)
从A去除和B相交的部分后返回 ST_Difference(geometry A, geometryB)
返回两个几何对象的合并结果 ST_Union(geometry, geometry)
返回一系列几何对象的合并结果 ST_Union(geometry set)
用较少的内存和较长的时间完成合并操作,结果和ST_Union相同 ST_MemUnion(geometry set)
几何对象存取函数:
获取几何对象的WKT描述 ST_AsText(geometry)
获取几何对象的WKB描述 ST_AsBinary(geometry)
获取几何对象的空间参考ID ST_SRID(geometry)
获取几何对象的维数 ST_Dimension(geometry)
获取几何对象的边界范围 ST_Envelope(geometry)
判断几何对象是否为空 ST_IsEmpty(geometry)
判断几何对象是否不包含特殊点(比如自相交)ST_IsSimple(geometry)
判断几何对象是否闭合 ST_IsClosed(geometry)
判断曲线是否闭合并且不包含特殊点 ST_IsRing(geometry)
获取多几何对象中的对象个数 ST_NumGeometries(geometry)
获取多几何对象中第N个对象 ST_GeometryN(geometry,int)
获取几何对象中的点个数 ST_NumPoints(geometry)
获取几何对象的第N个点 ST_PointN(geometry,integer)
获取多边形的外边缘 ST_ExteriorRing(geometry)
获取多边形内边界个数 ST_NumInteriorRings(geometry)
同上 ST_NumInteriorRing(geometry)
获取多边形的第N个内边界 ST_InteriorRingN(geometry,integer)
获取线的终点 ST_EndPoint(geometry)
获取线的起始点 ST_StartPoint(geometry)
获取几何对象的类型 GeometryType(geometry)
类似上,但是不检查M值,即POINTM对象会被判断为point ST_GeometryType(geometry)
获取点的X坐标 ST_X(geometry)
获取点的Y坐标 ST_Y(geometry)
获取点的Z坐标 ST_Z(geometry)
获取点的M值 ST_M(geometry)
几何对象构造函数:
参考语义:
Text:WKT
WKB:WKB
Geom:Geometry
M:Multi
Bd:BuildArea
Coll:Collection ST_GeomFromText(text,[]) 将wkt转为geometry
ST_PointFromText(text,[])
ST_LineFromText(text,[])
ST_LinestringFromText(text,[])
ST_PolyFromText(text,[])
ST_PolygonFromText(text,[])
ST_MPointFromText(text,[])
ST_MLineFromText(text,[])
ST_MPolyFromText(text,[])
ST_GeomCollFromText(text,[])
ST_GeomFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_GeometryFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_PointFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_LineFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_LinestringFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_PolyFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_PolygonFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_MPointFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_MLineFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_MPolyFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_GeomCollFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_BdPolyFromText(text WKT, integer SRID)
ST_BdMPolyFromText(text WKT, integer SRID)