Mysql知识延展(一)Explain分析

Explain简介

本文主要讲述如何通过 explain命令获取 select 语句的执行计划,通过 explain 我们可以知道以下信息:表的读取顺序数据读取操作的类型哪些索引可以使用哪些索引实际使用了表之间的引用每张表有多少行被优化器查询等信息。

使用的表结构:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `actor`;
CREATE TABLE `actor` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
  `update_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `actor` (`id`, `name`, `update_time`) VALUES (1,'a','2017-12-22 15:27:18'), (2,'b','2017-12-22 15:27:18'), (3,'c','2017-12-22 15:27:18');

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `film`;
CREATE TABLE `film` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `film` (`id`, `name`) VALUES (3,'film0'),(1,'film1'),(2,'film2');

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `film_actor`;
CREATE TABLE `film_actor` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `film_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `actor_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_film_actor_id` (`film_id`,`actor_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `film_actor` (`id`, `film_id`, `actor_id`) VALUES (1,1,1),(2,1,2),(3,2,1);

下面是使用 explain 的例子:

在 select 语句之前增加 explain 关键字,MySQL 会在查询上设置一个标记,执行查询时,会返回执行计划的信息,而不是执行这条SQL(如果 from 中包含子查询,仍会执行该子查询,将结果放入临时表中)。

mysql> explain select * from actor;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | actor | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+

在查询中的每个表会输出一行,如果有两个表通过 join 连接查询,那么会输出两行。表的意义相当广泛:可以是子查询、一个 union 结果等。
explain 有两个变种:

  1. explain extended:会在 explain 的基础上额外提供一些查询优化的信息。紧随其后通过 show warnings命令可以 得到优化后的查询语句,从而看出优化器优化了什么。额外还有 filtered列,是一个百分比的值rows * filtered/100可以估算出将要和 explain 中前一个表进行连接的行数(前一个表指 explain 中的id值比当前表id值小的表)。
mysql> explain extended select * from film where id = 1;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | film  | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+

mysql> show warnings;
+-------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message                                                                        |
+-------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Note  | 1003 | /* select#1 */ select '1' AS `id`,'film1' AS `name` from `test`.`film` where 1 |
+-------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  1. explain partitions:相比 explain 多了个 partitions字段,如果查询是基于分区表的话,会显示查询将访问的分区
Explain 中的列

接下来我们将展示 explain 中每个列的信息。

  • id
    id列的编号是 select 的序列号,有几个 select 就有几个id,并且id的顺序是按 select 出现的顺序增长的。MySQL将 select 查询分为简单查询复杂查询。复杂查询分为三类:简单子查询派生表(from语句中的子查询)、union 查询

    1. 简单子查询
      mysql> explain select (select 1 from actor limit 1) from film;
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      | id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra       |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      |  1 | PRIMARY     | film  | index | NULL          | idx_name | 32      | NULL |    1 | Using index |
      |  2 | SUBQUERY    | actor | index | NULL          | PRIMARY  | 4       | NULL |    2 | Using index |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+ 
      
    2. from子句中的子查询
      mysql> explain select id from (select id from film) as der;
      +----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      | id | select_type | table      | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra       |
      +----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      |  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | ALL   | NULL          | NULL     | NULL    | NULL |    2 | NULL        |
      |  2 | DERIVED     | film       | index | NULL          | idx_name | 32      | NULL |    1 | Using index |
      +----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+			
      
    3. union查询
      mysql> explain select 1 union all select 1;
      +------+--------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------+
      |  id  | select_type  | table      | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra           |
      +------+--------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------+
      |   1  | PRIMARY      | NULL       | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | No tables used  |
      |   2  | UNION        | NULL       | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | No tables used  |
      | NULL | UNION RESULT | <union1,2> | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | Using temporary |
      +------+--------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------+
      
      union结果总是放在一个匿名临时表中,临时表不在SQL中出现,因此它的id是NULL
  • select_type
    select_type 表示对应行是什么类型的查询,是简单还是复杂的查询,如果是复杂的查询,又是上述三种复杂查询中的哪一种。

    1. simple:简单查询。查询不包含子查询和union
      mysql> explain select * from film where id = 2;
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
      | id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | film  | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 | NULL  |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
      
    2. primary:复杂查询中最外层的 select
    3. subquery:包含在 select 中的子查询(不在 from 子句中)
    4. derived:包含在 from 子句中的子查询。MySQL会将结果存放在一个临时表中,也称为派生表
      用这个例子来了解 primary、subquery 和 derived 类型
      mysql> explain select (select 1 from actor where id = 1) from (select * from film where id = 1) der;
      +----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
      | id | select_type | table      | type   | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra       |
      +----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
      |  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived3> | system | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  |    1 | NULL        |
      |  3 | DERIVED     | film       | const  | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 | NULL        |
      |  2 | SUBQUERY    | actor      | const  | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 | Using index |
      +----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+ 
      
    5. union:在 union 中的第二个和随后的 select
    6. union result:从 union 临时表检索结果的 select
      用这个例子来了解 union 和 union result 类型:
      mysql> explain select 1 union all select 1;
      +------+--------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------+
      |  id  | select_type  | table      | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra           |
      +------+--------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------+
      |   1  | PRIMARY      | NULL       | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | No tables used  |
      |   2  | UNION        | NULL       | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | No tables used  |
      | NULL | UNION RESULT | <union1,2> | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | Using temporary |
      +------+--------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------+
      
  • table
    这一列表示 explain 的一行正在访问哪个表

    from 子句中有子查询时,table列是[derivenN]格式,表示当前查询依赖 id=N 的查询,于是先执行 id=N 的查询。当有 union时,UNION RESULT 的 table 列的值为<union1,2>,1和2表示参与 union 的 select 行id

  • type
    这一列表示关联类型或访问类型,即MySQL决定如何查找表中的行

    依次从最优到最差分别为:system> const> eq_ref> ref> fulltext > ref_or_null > index_merge > unique_subquery > index_subquery > range> index> ALL

    • NULL:mysql能够在优化阶段分解查询语句,在执行阶段用不着再访问表或索引。例如:在索引列中选取最小值,可以单独查找索引来完成,不需要在执行时访问表
      mysql> explain select min(id) from film;
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+------------------------------+
      | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra                        |
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+------------------------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | NULL  | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | Select tables optimized away |
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+------------------------------+
      
    • const, system:const表示mysql能对查询的某部分进行优化并将其转化成一个常量(可以看show warnings 的结果)。system表示用于 primary key 或 unique key 的所有列与常数比较时,表最多有一个匹配行,读取1次,速度比较快。
       mysql> explain extended select * from (select * from film where id = 1) tmp;
      +----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
      | id | select_type | table      | type   | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
      +----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
      |  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | system | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
      |  2 | DERIVED     | film       | const  | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
      +----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
      
      mysql> show warnings;
      +-------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
      | Level | Code | Message                                                       |
      +-------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
      | Note  | 1003 | /* select#1 */ select '1'AS `id`,'film1' AS `name` from dual |
      +-------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
      
    • eq_refprimary keyunique key索引的所有部分被连接使用最多只会返回一条符合条件的记录。这可能是在 const 之外最好的联接类型了,简单的 select 查询不会出现这种 type。
      mysql> explain select * from film_actor left join film on film_actor.film_id = film.id;
      +----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+-------------------+---------+-------------------------+------+-------------+
      | id | select_type | table      | type   | possible_keys | key               | key_len | ref                     | rows | Extra       |
      +----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+-------------------+---------+-------------------------+------+-------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | film_actor | index  | NULL          | idx_film_actor_id | 8       | NULL                    |    3 | Using index |
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | film       | eq_ref | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY           | 4       | test.film_actor.film_id |    1 | NULL        |
      +----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+-------------------+---------+-------------------------+------+-------------+
      
    • ref相比 eq_ref,不使用唯一索引,而是使用普通索引或者唯一性索引的部分前缀,索引要和某个值相比较,可能会找到多个符合条件的行
      1. 简单 select 查询,name是普通索引(非唯一索引)
      mysql> explain select * from film where name = "film1";
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
      | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra                    |
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | film  | ref  | idx_name      | idx_name | 33      | const |    1 | Using where; Using index |
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
      
      2.关联表查询,idx_film_actor_id是film_id和actor_id的联合索引,这里使用到了film_actor的左边前缀film_id部分。
      mysql> explain select * from film left join film_actor on film.id = film_actor.film_id;
      +----+-------------+------------+-------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+--------------+------+-------------+
      | id | select_type | table      | type  | possible_keys     | key               | key_len | ref          | rows | Extra       |
      +----+-------------+------------+-------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+--------------+------+-------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | film       | index | NULL              | idx_name          | 33      | NULL         |    3 | Using index |
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | film_actor | ref   | idx_film_actor_id | idx_film_actor_id | 4       | test.film.id |    1 | Using index |
      +----+-------------+------------+-------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+--------------+------+-------------+
      
    • ref_or_null:类似ref,但是可以搜索值为NULL的行
      mysql> explain select * from film where name = "film1" or name is null;
      +----+-------------+-------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
      | id | select_type | table | type        | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra                    |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | film  | ref_or_null | idx_name      | idx_name | 33      | const |    2 | Using where; Using index |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
      
    • index_merge:表示使用了索引合并的优化方法。 例如下表:id是主键,tenant_id是普通索引。or 的时候没有用 primary key,而是使用了 primary key(id) 和 tenant_id 索引
      mysql> explain select * from role where id = 11011 or tenant_id = 8888;
      +----+-------------+-------+-------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------------------------------------+
      | id | select_type | table | type        | possible_keys         | key                   | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra                                           |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------------------------------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | role  | index_merge | PRIMARY,idx_tenant_id | PRIMARY,idx_tenant_id | 4,4     | NULL |  134 | Using union(PRIMARY,idx_tenant_id); Using where |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------------------------------------+
      
    • range范围扫描通常出现在 in(), between ,> ,<, >= 等操作中。使用一个索引来检索给定范围的行。
      mysql> explain select * from actor where id > 1;
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      | id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra       |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | actor | range | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | NULL |    2 | Using where |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      
    • index和ALL一样,不同就是mysql只需扫描索引树,这通常比ALL快一些。
      mysql> explain select count(*) from film;
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      | id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra       |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | film  | index | NULL          | idx_name | 33      | NULL |    3 | Using index |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      
    • ALL:即全表扫描,意味着mysql需要从头到尾去查找所需要的行。通常情况下这需要增加索引来进行优化了
      mysql> explain select * from actor;
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
      | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra |
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | actor | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 | NULL  |
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
      
  • possible_keys
    这一列显示查询可能使用哪些索引来查找。

    explain 时可能出现 possible_keys 有列,而 key 显示 NULL 的情况,这种情况是因为表中数据不多,mysql认为索引对此查询帮助不大,选择了全表查询

    如果该列是NULL,则没有相关的索引。在这种情况下,可以通过检查 where 子句看是否可以创造一个适当的索引来提高查询性能,然后用 explain 查看效果。

  • key
    这一列显示mysql实际采用哪个索引来优化对该表的访问。

    如果没有使用索引,则该列是 NULL。如果想强制mysql使用或忽视possible_keys列中的索引,在查询中使用 force indexignore index

  • key_len
    这一列显示了mysql在索引里使用的字节数,通过这个值可以算出具体使用了索引中的哪些列。

    举例来说,film_actor的联合索引 idx_film_actor_id 由 film_id 和 actor_id 两个int列组成,并且每个int是4字节。通过结果中的key_len=4可推断出查询使用了第一个列:film_id列来执行索引查找。

    mysql> explain select * from film_actor where film_id = 2;
    +----+-------------+------------+------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
    | id | select_type | table      | type | possible_keys     | key               | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra       |
    +----+-------------+------------+------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
    |  1 | SIMPLE      | film_actor | ref  | idx_film_actor_id | idx_film_actor_id | 4       | const |    1 | Using index |
    +----+-------------+------------+------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
    

    key_len计算规则如下:

    • 字符串
      • char(n):n字节长度
      • varchar(n):2字节存储字符串长度,如果是utf-8,则长度 3n + 2
    • 数值类型
      • tinyint:1字节
      • smallint:2字节
      • int:4字节
      • bigint:8字节
    • 时间类型
      • date:3字节
      • timestamp:4字节
      • datetime:8字节
    • 如果字段允许为 NULL,需要1字节记录是否为 NULL

    索引最大长度是768字节,当字符串过长时,mysql会做一个类似左前缀索引的处理,将前半部分的字符提取出来做索引

  • ref
    这一列显示了在key列记录的索引中,表查找值所用到的列或常量,常见的有:const(常量),funcNULL字段名(例:film.id)

  • rows
    这一列是mysql估计要读取并检测的行数,注意这个不是结果集里的行数。

  • Extra
    这一列展示的是额外信息。常见的重要值如下:

    • distinct: 一旦mysql找到了与行相联合匹配的行,就不再搜索
      mysql> explain select distinct name from film left join film_actor on film.id = film_actor.film_id;
      +----+-------------+------------+-------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+--------------+------+------------------------------+
      | id | select_type | table      | type  | possible_keys     | key               | key_len | ref          | rows | Extra                        |
      +----+-------------+------------+-------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+--------------+------+------------------------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | film       | index | idx_name          | idx_name          | 33      | NULL         |    3 | Using index; Using temporary |
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | film_actor | ref   | idx_film_actor_id | idx_film_actor_id | 4       | test.film.id |    1 | Using index; Distinct        |
      +----+-------------+------------+-------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+--------------+------+------------------------------+
      
    • Using index:这发生在对表的请求列都是同一索引的部分的时候,返回的列数据只使用了索引中的信息,而没有再去访问表中的行记录。是性能高的表现。
      mysql> explain select id from film order by id;
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      | id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra       |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | film  | index | NULL          | PRIMARY | 4       | NULL |    3 | Using index |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+ 
      
    • Using where:mysql服务器将在存储引擎检索行后再进行过滤。就是先读取整行数据,再按 where 条件进行检查,符合就留下,不符合就丢弃。
      mysql> explain select * from film where id > 1;
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
      | id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra                    |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | film  | index | PRIMARY       | idx_name | 33      | NULL |    3 | Using where; Using index |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
      
    • Using temporary:mysql需要创建一张临时表来处理查询。出现这种情况一般是要进行优化的,首先是想到用索引来优化。
      1. actor.name没有索引,此时创建了张临时表来distinct
      mysql> explain select distinct name from actor;
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------+
      | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra           |
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | actor | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 | Using temporary |
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------+
      
      2. film.name建立了idx_name索引,此时查询时extra是using index,没有用临时表
      mysql> explain select distinct name from film;
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      | id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra       |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | film  | index | idx_name      | idx_name | 33      | NULL |    3 | Using index |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      
    • Using filesort:mysql 会对结果使用一个外部索引排序,而不是按索引次序从表里读取行。此时mysql会根据联接类型浏览所有符合条件的记录,并保存排序关键字和行指针,然后排序关键字并按顺序检索行信息。这种情况下一般也是要考虑使用索引来优化的。
      1. actor.name未创建索引,会浏览actor整个表,保存排序关键字name和对应的id,然后排序name并检索行记录
      mysql> explain select * from actor order by name;
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+
      | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra          |
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | actor | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 | Using filesort |
      +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+
      
      2. film.name建立了idx_name索引,此时查询时extra是using index
      mysql> explain select * from film order by name;
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      | id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra       |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      |  1 | SIMPLE      | film  | index | NULL          | idx_name | 33      | NULL |    3 | Using index |
      +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+-------------+
      
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