javascript的浅拷贝与深拷贝

平时使用数组复制时，我们大多数会使用‘=’，这只是浅拷贝，存在很多问题。比如

    let arr = [1,2,3,4,5];
    let arr2 = arr;
    console.log(arr)  //[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    console.log(arr2) //[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

    arr[0] = 6;
    console.log(arr) //[6, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    console.log(arr2) //[6, 2, 3, 4, 5]

    arr2[4] = 7;
    console.log(arr) //[6, 2, 3, 4, 7]
    console.log(arr2) //[6, 2, 3, 4, 7]

很明显，浅拷贝下，拷贝和被拷贝的数组会相互受到影响。所以，必须要有一种不受影响的方法，那就是深拷贝。

深拷贝的实现方式有很多种。

一：for循环实现深拷贝

  //for循环copy
    function copy(arr) {
        let cArr = []
        for(let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++){
            cArr.push(arr[i])
        }
        return cArr;
    }

    let arr3 = [1,2,3,4];
    let arr4 = copy(arr3) //[1,2,3,4]
    console.log(arr4) //[1,2,3,4]

    arr3[0] = 5;
    console.log(arr3) //[5,2,3,4]
    console.log(arr4) //[1,2,3,4]

二：slice方法实现深拷贝

//slice实现深拷贝
    let arr5 = [1,2,3,4];
    let arr6 = arr5.slice(0);
    arr5[0] = 5;
    console.log(arr5); //[5,2,3,4]
    console.log(arr6); //[1,2,3,4]

三：concat实现深拷贝

//concat实现深拷贝
    let arr7 = [1,2,3,4];
    let arr8 = arr7.concat();
    arr7[0] = 5;
    console.log(arr7); //[5,2,3,4]
    console.log(arr8); //[1,2,3,4]

四：es6扩展运算实现深拷贝

//es6扩展运算实现深拷贝
    let arr9 = [1,2,3,4];
    let [...arr10] = arr9;
    arr9[0] = 5;
    console.log(arr9) //[5,2,3,4]
    console.log(arr10) //[1,2,3,4]

五：对象的循环深拷贝

//    循环copy对象

    let obj = {
        id:'0',
        name:'king',
        sex:'man'
    }

    let obj2 = copy2(obj)

    function copy2(obj) {
        let cObj = {};
        for(var key in obj){
            cObj[key] = obj[key]
        }

        return cObj
    }

    console.log(obj) //{id: "0", name: "king", sex: "man"}
    console.log(obj2) //{id: "0", name: "king", sex: "man"}

六：对象转换成json实现深拷贝

//转换成json

    let obj3 = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
    console.log(obj3) //{id: "0", name: "king", sex: "man"}

七：es6扩展运算实现深拷贝

let {...obj4}= obj
    console.log(obj4) //{id: "0", name: "king", sex: "man"}

八：通用深拷贝

var clone = function (v) {
        var o = v.constructor === Array ? [] : {};
        for(var i in v){
            o[i] = typeof v[i] === "object" ? clone(v[i]) : v[i];
        }
        return o;
    }

总结：深刻理解javascript的深浅拷贝，可以灵活的运用数组，并且可以避免很多bug。