Linux初体验02：安装FTP用于传输文件

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-22 15:11:06 发布

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安装Ftp

FTP 是File Transfer Protocol（文件传输协议）的英文简称，而中文简称为“文本传输协议”。用于Internet上本机和服务器端的文件双向传输。

1. 安装vsftpd服务器

在terminal（终端）中输入以下命令

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

查看服务状态

sudo service vsftpd status

2. 新建用户和目录方便ftp使用

#1.添加用户
sudo useradd -d /home/user -m username
#2.设置密码
sudo passwd username
#3.删除用户（备用）
sudo userdel username
#4.创建ftp的目录，用于下面配置ftp文件接受路径
mkdir /home/uftp/ftpfile

3. 配置Ftp

在terminal（终端）中输入以下命令修改

sudo vi /etc/vsftpd.conf

点击键盘上insert按钮修改内容，并用Esc退出编辑，输入 :wq 保存退出：

listen=NO 
listen_ipv6=YES #vsftpd 将监听 ipv6 而不是 IPv4，你可以根据你的网络情况设置 anonymous_enable=NO #不允许匿名用户 
local_enable=YES #允许本地用户登录 
write_enable=YES #允许用户有修改文件权限 
local_umask=022 #本地用户创建文件的 umask 值 
dirmessage_enable=YES #用户第一次进入目录时的提示消息 
use_localtime=YES #使用本地时间 
xferlog_enable=YES #一个存有详细的上传和下载信息的日志文件 
connect_from_port_20=YES #在服务器上针对 PORT 类型的连接使用端口 20 
chroot_local_user=YES #本地用户将进入 chroot 环境，当登录以后默认情况下是其 home 目录 secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty #当vsftpd不需要访问系统文件的权限时，就会将使用者限制在此资料夹中 
pam_service_name=vsftpd #这个字符串是PAM服务vsftpd将使用的名称。必须启用 rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem #此选项指定用于SSL的RSA证书的位置，加密连接。必须开启 
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key #加密链接私匙 ssl_enable=NO 
pasv_enable=Yes 
pasv_min_port=10000 
pasv_max_port=10100 
local_root=/home/uftp/ftpfile #登录默认目录 
allow_writeable_chroot=YES #默认情况下，出于安全原因，VSFTPD 不允许 chroot 目录具有可写权限。然而，我们可以通过选项 allow_writeable_chroot=YES 来改变这个设置

修改后文件

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
#这个是设置是否允许匿名登录ftp服务器，不允许。
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
#是否允许本机用户登录
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
#允许上传文件到ftp服务器
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows) 允许chroot_list文件中配置的用户登录此ftp服务器。
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
 
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO
 
#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
#utf8_filesystem=YES
#配置ftp服务器的上传下载文件所在的目录。
local_root=/home/uftp/ftpfile
#this directory is for ftp server to save  download or upload data