微信公众号开发_Java（３）－－接收普通消息

一、前言

今天开始讲解微信公众号开发如何接收普通消息，包括文本消息、图片消息、语音消息以及视频消息等。

不妥当之处多多指正。

二、消息的POST过程

2.1 POST过程图解

消息在微信服务器和开发者服务器之间的传输过程如下，不同之处在于，普通微信用户向公众账号发送的消息，微信服务器将消息进行XML形式的封装，封装成XML数据包，然后将消息的XML数据包POST到开发者填写的URL上：

2.2 XML数据包示例

以文本消息为例：

一条普通的文本消息共有以下几个属性，XML将这些属性封装成XML的形式进行POST传送。

<xml>
 <ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName>
 <FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName>
 <CreateTime>1348831860</CreateTime>
 <MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType>
 <Content><![CDATA[this is a test]]></Content>
 <MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId>
 </xml>

2.3 消息传输的全过程

如2.1图示，开发者服务器在接收到来自微信服务器的XML数据包后，需要将XML数据包1.解析，然后进行2.业务处理，然后将业务处理的结果再次进行3.封装成XML数据，4.POST到微信服务器，再又5.微信服务器发送到客户端。

下面对各个数据解析和封装过程进行详解。

1.解析XML数据包

　　　/**
     * xml转换成Map
     */
    public static Map<String, String> xmlToMap(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException, DocumentException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();

        InputStream ins = request.getInputStream();
        Document doc = reader.read(ins);

        Element root = doc.getRootElement();

        List<Element> list = root.elements();

        for (Element e : list) {
            map.put(e.getName(), e.getText());
        }
        ins.close();
        return map;
    }

2.业务处理

略

3.封装成XML数据

　　/**
     * text转换成xml
     */
    public static String textMessageToXml(TextMessage textMessage) {
        XStream xstream = new XStream();
        xstream.alias("xml", textMessage.getClass());
        return xstream.toXML(textMessage);
    }

三、实现接收普通消息

完整代码实现。

3.1 消息属性TextMessage

package cn.edu.sdut.model;

public class TextMessage {
    private String ToUserName;
    private String FromUserName;
    private long CreateTime;
    private String MsgType;
    private String Content;
    private String MsgId;

    public String getToUserName() {
        return ToUserName;
    }

    public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {
        ToUserName = toUserName;
    }

    public String getFromUserName() {
        return FromUserName;
    }

    public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
        FromUserName = fromUserName;
    }

    public long getCreateTime() {
        return CreateTime;
    }

    public void setCreateTime(long createTime) {
        CreateTime = createTime;
    }

    public String getMsgType() {
        return MsgType;
    }

    public void setMsgType(String msgType) {
        MsgType = msgType;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return Content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        Content = content;
    }

    public String getMsgId() {
        return MsgId;
    }

    public void setMsgId(String msgId) {
        MsgId = msgId;
    }

}

3.2 数据处理MessageUtil

package cn.edu.sdut.service;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;

import cn.edu.sdut.model.TextMessage;

public class MessageUtil {
    /**
     * xml转换成Map
     */
    public static Map<String, String> xmlToMap(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException, DocumentException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();

        InputStream ins = request.getInputStream();
        Document doc = reader.read(ins);

        Element root = doc.getRootElement();

        List<Element> list = root.elements();

        for (Element e : list) {
            map.put(e.getName(), e.getText());
        }
        ins.close();
        return map;
    }

    /**
     * text转换成xml
     */
    public static String textMessageToXml(TextMessage textMessage) {
        XStream xstream = new XStream();
        xstream.alias("xml", textMessage.getClass());
        return xstream.toXML(textMessage);
    }
}

3.3 业务处理MessageController

package cn.edu.sdut.controller;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;

import cn.edu.sdut.model.TextMessage;
import cn.edu.sdut.service.CheckUtil;
import cn.edu.sdut.service.MessageUtil;

public class WeChatServlet extends HttpServlet {
    /**
     * 获取值
     */
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String signature = req.getParameter("signature");
        String timestamp = req.getParameter("timestamp");
        String nonce = req.getParameter("nonce");
        String echostr = req.getParameter("echostr");

        // 调用逻辑验证
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        if (CheckUtil.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)) {
            out.println(echostr);
        }
        out.close();
        out = null;
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
        // 设置一下相应的格式
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();// 获取resq的数据流
        Map<String, String> map;
        try {
            map = MessageUtil.xmlToMap(req);
            String fromUserName = map.get("FromUserName");
            String toUserName = map.get("ToUserName");
            String msgType = map.get("MsgType");
            String content = map.get("Content");
            String format = map.get("Format");

            String message = null;
            if ("text".equals(msgType)) {
                TextMessage text = new TextMessage();
                text.setFromUserName(toUserName);
                text.setToUserName(fromUserName);
                text.setMsgType("text");
                text.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
                text.setContent("您发送的消息类型是:" + msgType + ";");
                message = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(text);// message来接收
            }
            if ("image".equals(msgType)) {
                TextMessage text = new TextMessage();
                text.setFromUserName(toUserName);
                text.setToUserName(fromUserName);
                text.setMsgType("text");
                text.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
                text.setContent("您发送的消息类型是:" + msgType + ";");
                message = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(text);// message来接收
            }
            if ("voice".equals(msgType)) {
                TextMessage text = new TextMessage();
                text.setFromUserName(toUserName);
                text.setToUserName(fromUserName);
                text.setMsgType("text");
                text.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
                text.setContent("您发送的消息类型是:" + msgType + ";");
                message = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(text);// message来接收
            }

            out.println(message);
        } catch (DocumentException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            out.close();
        }

    }
}

四、项目代码仓库

详细、完整项目代码请移步：

https://github.com/GaoZiqiang/WeChatDevelopment