Spring Boot的web开发（1）

Spring Boot提供了spring-boot-starter-web（嵌入tomcat和Spring MVC的依赖）为Web开发做支持。

Thymeleaf基础知识

Thymeleaf是一个java类库，是一个xml/xhtml/html5的模板引擎，可以作为MVC的Web应用的View层。提供了额外的模块与Spring MVC集成，可以使用Thymeleaf完全替代jsp。

Thymeleaf网站： http://www.thymelead.org

1.引入Thymeleaf，代码：

< html xmlns: th = "http://www.thymeleaf.org" >

<!--通过xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"命名空间，将镜头页面转换为动态的视图，需要进行动态处理的元素将使用“th:”为前缀-->

< head >

< meta content= "text/html;charset=UTF-8" />

< link th :src= "@{bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css}" rel= "stylesheet" />

< link th :src= "@{bootstrap/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css}" rel= "stylesheet" />

</ head >

< body >

< script th :src= "@{jquery-1.10.2.min.js}" type= "text/javascript" ></ script >

<!--通过“@{}”引用Web静态资源，这在jsp极易出错-->

< script th :src= "@{bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js}" ></ script >

</ body >

</ html >

2.访问Model的数据

< div class= "panel panel-primary" >

< div class= "panel-heading" >

< h3 class= "panel-title" ></ h3 >

</ div >

< div class= "panel-body" >

< span th :text= "${singlePerson.name}}" ></ span >

<!--使用<span th:text="${singlePerson.name}}"></span>访问model中的singlePerson的name属性-->

<!--注意：需要处理的动态内容需要加上“th:”前缀-->

</ div >

</ div >

3.model中的数据迭代

< div class= "panel panel-primary" >

< div class= "panel-heading" >

< h3 class= "panel-title" > 列表 </ h3 >

</ div >

< div class= "panel-body" >

< ul class= "list-group" >

< li class= "list-group-item" th :each= "person:${people}" >

< span th :text= "${person.name}" ></ span >

</ li >

</ ul >

<!--使用th:each来做循环迭代th:each="person:${people}"，person作为迭代元素来使用-->

</ div >

</ div >

4.数据判断

< div th :if= "${not #lists.isEmpty(people)}" >

<!--通过使用${not #lists.isEmpty(people)}表达式判断peoples是否为空。

Thymeleaf支持>、<、>=、<=、==、!=作为比较条件，同时也支持将SpringEL表达式语言用于条件中-->

< div class= "panel panel-primary" >

< div class= "panel-heading" >

< h3 class= "panel-title" > 列表 </ h3 >

</ div >

< div class= "panel-body" >

< ul class= "list-group" >

< li class= "list-group-item" th :each= "person:${people}" >

< span th :text= "${person.name}" ></ span >

</ li >

</ ul >

</ div >

</ div >

</ div >

5.在javascript中访问Model

< script th :inline= "javascript" >

//通过th:inline="javascript"添加到script标签，这样Javascript代码即可访问model属性

//通过[[${}}]]格式获取实际的值

var single =[[${singlePerson}]];

console . log ( single .name+ "/" + single .age)

</ script >

html通过按钮获得model的值

< li class= "list-group-item" th :each= "person:${people}" >

< span th :text= "${person.name}" ></ span >

< button class= "btn" th :οnclick= "'getName(\''+${person.name}+'\');'" ></ button >

</ li >

与Spring MVC集成

在Spring MVC中，集成模板引擎需要定义ViewResolver,而ViewResolver需要定义一个View

例如：

@Bean//映射路径和实际页面的位置

public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() {

InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();

viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/classes/views/");

viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");

viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);

return viewResolver;

}

Thymeleaf定义了org.thymeleaf.spring4.view.ThymeleafView和org.thymeleaf.spring4.view.ThymeleafViewResolver(默认使用ThymeleafView作为View)

Thymeleaf提供了SpringTemplateEngine类，用来驱动在Spring MVC下使用Thymeleaf模板引擎，提供了TemplateResolver用来设置通用的模板引擎（包含前后缀）

@Bean

public TemplateResolver templateResolver(){

TemplateResolver templateResolver= new ServletContextTemplateResolver();

templateResolver.setPrefix( "/WEB-INF/templates" );

templateResolver.setSuffix( ".html" );

templateResolver.setTemplateMode( "HTML5" );

return templateResolver;

}

@Bean

public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine(){

SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine= new SpringTemplateEngine();

templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver());

return templateEngine;

}

@Bean

public ThymeleafViewResolver thymeleafViewResolver(){

ThymeleafViewResolver thymeleafViewResolver= new ThymeleafViewResolver();

thymeleafViewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine());

return thymeleafViewResolver;

}

Spring Boot的Thymeleaf支持

Spring Boot通过org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf包对Thymeleaf进行了自动配置

实战

1.新建Spring Boot项目，选择Thymeleaf依赖

2.javaBean示例

package com.hand;

/**

* Created by lqy on 2017-11-26.

*/

public class Person {

private String name ;

private int age ;

public Person(){

super ();

}

public Person(String name, int age){

super ();

this . name =name;

this . age =age;

}

public String getName(){

return name ;

}

public int getAge(){

return age ;

}

public void setName(){

this . name = name ;

}

public void setAge(){

this . age = age ;

}

}

3.脚本样式静态文件

4.演示页面

代码如下：

< html xmlns: th = "http://www.thymeleaf.org" >

< head >

< meta content= "text/html;charset=UTF-8" />

< meta http-equiv= "X-UA-Compatible" content= "IE=edge" />

< meta name= "viewport" content= "width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />

< link th :href= "@{bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css}" rel= "stylesheet" />

< link th :href= "@{bootstrap/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css}" rel= "stylesheet" />

</ head >

< body >

< div class= "panel panel-primary" >

< div class= "panel-heading" >

< h3 class= "panel-title" > 访问model </ h3 >

</ div >

< div class= "panel-body" >

< span th :text= "${singlePerson.name}" ></ span >

</ div >

</ div >

< div th :if= "${not #lists.isEmpty(people)}" >

< div class= "panel panel-primary" >

< div class= "panel-heading" >

< h3 class= "panel-title" > 列表 </ h3 >

</ div >

< div class= "panel-body" >

< ul class= "list-group" >

< li class= "list-group-item" th :each= "person:${people}" >

< span th :text= "${person.name}" ></ span >

< span th :text= "${person.age}" ></ span >

< button class= "btn" th :οnclick= "'getName(\'' + ${person.name} + '\');'" > 获得名字 </ button >

</ li >

</ ul >

</ div >

</ div >

</ div >

< script th :src= "@{jquery-1.10.2.min.js}" type= "text/javascript" ></ script > <!-- 2 -->

< script th :src= "@{bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js}" ></ script > <!-- 2 -->

< script th :inline= "javascript" >

var single = [[${singlePerson}]];

console . log ( single .name+ "/" + single .age)

function getName (name){

console . log (name);

}

</ script >

</ body >

</ html >

5.数据准备

做一个控制器

package com.hand;

import org.springframework.stereotype. Controller ;

import org.springframework.ui.Model;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation. RequestMapping ;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

/**

* Created by lqy on 2017-11-26.

*/

@Controller

public class PerService {

@RequestMapping ( "/" )

public String index(Model model){

Person single = new Person( "aa" , 11 );

List<Person> people = new ArrayList<Person>();

Person p1 = new Person( "xx" , 11 );

Person p2 = new Person( "yy" , 22 );

Person p3 = new Person( "zz" , 33 );

people.add(p1);

people.add(p2);

people.add(p3);

model.addAttribute( "singlePerson" , single);

model.addAttribute( "people" , people);

return "index" ;

}

}

入口类

package com.hand;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure. SpringBootApplication ;

@SpringBootApplication

public class SpringThymeleafApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {

SpringApplication. run (SpringThymeleafApplication. class , args);

}

}

最终访问效果

单击zz可以得到名字

Web相关配置

1.Spring提供的自动配置

1.自动配置的ViewResolver

(1)ContentNegotiatingViewResolver

Spring MVC提供的特殊ViewResolver，ContentNegotiatingViewResolver不是自己处理View，而是代理给不同的ViewResolver来处理不同的View，具备很高的优先级。

(2)BeanNameViewResolver

在控制器（@Controller）中的一个方法返回值的字符串（即视图名）会根据BeanNameViewResolver去查找Bean的名称为返回字符串的View渲染视图。

举例：

定义BeanNameViewResolver的Bean

@Bean

public BeanNameViewResolver beanNameViewResolver(){

BeanNameViewResolver resolver= new BeanNameViewResolver();

return resolver;

}

定义一个View的Bean

@Bean

public MappingJackson2JsonView jsonView(){

MappingJackson2JsonView jsonView= new MappingJackson2JsonView();

return jsonView;

}

在控制器中返回值字符串为jsonView,它会找Bean名字为jsonView的视图渲染

@RequestMapping (value = "/json" ,produces ={MediaType. APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE } )

public String json(Model model){

Person single= new Person( "aa" , 11 );

model.addAttribute( "single" ,single);

return "jsonView" ;

}

(3) InternalResourceViewResolver

这是极为常用的ViewResolver,主要通过设置前后缀以及控制器中方法返回视图名的字符串，得到实际页面

@Bean

@ConditionalOnMissingBean (InternalResourceViewResolver. class )

public InternalResourceViewResolver defaultViewResolver(){

InternalResourceViewResolver resolver= new InternalResourceViewResolver();

resolver.setPrefix( this .prefix);

resolver.setSuffix( this .suffix);

return resolver;

}

2.自动配置的静态资源

在自动配置类的addResourceHandlers方法中定义了以下静态资源的自动配置

(1)类路径文件

把类路径下的/static、/public、/resources和/MEAT-INF/resources文件夹下的静态文件直接映射成/**，通过http://localhost:8080/**直接访问

(2)webjar(将我们脚本框架封装在Jar包中的jar包)

把webjar的/META-INF/resources/webjars/下的静态文件映射为/webjar/**,可以通过http://localhost:8080/webjar/**直接访问

3.自动配置的Formatter和Converter(具体查看 WebMvcAutoConfiguration类addFormatters方法 )

只要定义了Converter、GenericConverter和Formatter接口的实现类的Bean，这些Bean就自动注册到Spring MVC中

4.自动配置的HttpMessageConverters(具体查看 WebMvcAutoConfiguration类 )

5.静态首页的支持

把静态index.html文件放置在如下目录：

classpath:/META-INF/resources/index.html

classpath:/resources/index.html

classpath:/static/index.html

classpath:/public/index.html

2.接管Spring Boot的Web配置

如果Spring Boot提供的Spring MVC不满足要求，可以通过定义一个（含有@Configuratioon和@EnableWebMvc注解）配置类来实现完全自己控制的MVC配置。

当需要在Spring Boot提供的基础上额外加自己的配置时，可以定义一个配置类继承 WebMvcConfigurerAdapter，无须使用@EnableWebMvc注解。

例如：

@Configuration

public class testssss extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{

@Override

public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry){

registry.addViewController( "/xx" ).setViewName( "/xx" );

}

}

提醒：再次重写的addViewControllers方法不会覆盖WebMvcConfigurerAdapter中的方法。我们的配置和Spring Boot自动配置可以同时生效

3.注册Servlet、Filter、Listener

使用嵌入式的Servlet容器（Tomcat、Jetty）时，通过将Servlet、Filter、Listener声明为Spring Bean而达到注册效果。或者注册 ServletRegistrationBean、FilterRegistrationBean 和ServletListenerRegistrationBean的Bean

(1)直接注册Bean：

@Bean

public XxServlet xxServlet(){

return new XxServlet();

}

@Bean

public YyFilter yyFilter(){

return new YyFilter();

}

@Bean

public ZzListener zzListener(){

return new ZzListener();

}

(2)通过 RegistrationBean

@Bean

public ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean(){

return new ServletRegistrationBean( new XxServlet(), "/xx/*" );

}

@Bean

public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean(){

FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean= new FilterRegistrationBean();

registrationBean.setFilter( new YyFilter());

registrationBean.setOrder( 2 );

return registrationBean;

}

@Bean

public ServletListenerRegistrationBean<ZzListener> zzListenerServletListenerRegistrationBean(){

return new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<ZzListener>( new ZzListener())

}