linux_64下安装oracle

linux图形界面中安装oracle13

oracle下载地址:

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

先决条件检查

使用rpm -qa | grep命令下面软件包名查看软件包是否安装(不用带版本号),若没有安装,解压linux镜像文件,在其中找出相对应的安装包上传到linux直接点击安装即可(linux为图形界面)

binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5
kernel-headers-2.6.18
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106 
libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2 
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.2

compat-libcap1-1.10-1

创建Oracle用户

root用户:创建Oracle安装组oinstall,数据库管理员组dba,及oracle用户

# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba
# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle(主组oinstall,其它组:dba)
# passwd oracle

修改内核参数

root用户:修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件,加上如下参数

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
为使上述配置生效而不重启系统,执行如下命令

# /sbin/sysctl -p

修改用户配置

root用户:修改 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件,加上下面的参数

oracle           soft    nproc   2047
oracle           hard    nproc   16384
oracle           soft    nofile  1024
oracle           hard    nofile  65536

修改用户验证选项

root用户下:修改/etc/pam.d/login文件加上如下参数
session    required     pam_limits.so

修改用户配置文件

root用户下:修改/etc/profile文件加入如下参数:

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
              ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
        else
              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi

安装目录配置

root用户:

# mkdir -p /u01/oraInventory
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
# chmod -R 775 /u01


修改用户bash shell

转到oracle用户主目录下修改bash_profile,此文件为主用户目录下的隐藏文件

增加如下内容,主要是修改,

此项目为oracle的环境变量配置,请根据具体的安装目录配置ORACLE_BASE,ORACLE_HOME,ORACLE_SID

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01 
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=oracleSid 
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin


完成后执行:

#su –oracle

#env | grep ORA查看环境变量是否完成


上传并解压oracle安装包

可使用ftp5连接上传

安装

在解压后的文件中找到runInstaller文件,并点击运行


如不能运行,点击右键属性-权限,勾选执行


如出现报错


修改hosts文件,前面加主机名
[oracle@pandora database]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   主机名 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         主机名 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

安装选项




配置默认即可,自己输入口令,简单密码无所谓,等会点确认即可



接下来会检查先决条件,如文章刚开始说要安装的文件都安装了的话,则基本没什么问题,如有问题,按照提示安装或者操作即可

点击安装


中途需要命令行运行root权限执行脚本,根据提示执行即可


验证

1.进入到sqlplus启动实例
[oracle@redhat ~]$ su - oracle                                 --“切换到oracle用户”
Password:
[oracle@redhat ~]$ lsnrctl start                               --“打开监听”
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:06:40
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Starting /home/oracle/product/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                14-OCT-2009 19:06:40
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@redhat ~]$ sqlplus /nolog                                --“进入到sqlplus”
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Oct 14 19:06:45 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba                                              --“连接到sysdba”
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup                                                     --“启动数据库实例”
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  285212672 bytes
Fixed Size      1218968 bytes
Variable Size     88082024 bytes
Database Buffers   188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers      7168000 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> shutdown immediate                                          --“关闭数据库实例”
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@redhat ~]$ lsnrctl stop                                 --“关闭监听”
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:08:06
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
The command completed successfully


注:sqlplus 命令不识别问题(bash :sqlplus command not found)

oracle环境变量没有配置正确,重新配置.bash_profile,重新配置后重启一下






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