request的功能

1.获取请求行数据

@WebServlet("/requestDemo1")
public class requestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求方式：GET
        String method = request.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);
        //√获取虚拟目录：/day13
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);
        //获取Servlet路径：/requestDemo1
        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
        System.out.println(servletPath);
        //获取get方式请求参数：name=lisi
        String queryString = request.getQueryString();
        System.out.println(queryString);
        //√获取请求URL:http://localhost:8080/day13/requestDemo1
            /URI:/day13/requestDemo1
        //URL统一资源定位符
        //URI统一资源标识符
        StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(requestURL);
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println(requestURI);
        //获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1
        String protocol = request.getProtocol();
        System.out.println(protocol);
        //获取客户机的IP地址:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
        String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
        System.out.println(remoteAddr);
    }
}

2.获取请求头数据

@WebServlet("/requestDemo2")
public class requestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求头数据：user-agent
        String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
        if(agent.contains("chrome")) {
            System.out.println("谷歌");
        } else if(agent.contains("Firefox")) {
            System.out.println("火狐");
        }

        //获取请求头数据：referer
        String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
        System.out.println(referer);
    }
}

3.获取请求体数据

    只有POST方式才有请求体

步骤：

1.获取流对象

    BufferedReader getReader():获取字符输入流，只能操作字符数据

    ServletInputStream getInputStream()：获取字节输入流，可以操作所有类型的数据

2.再从流中拿数据 

@WebServlet("/requestDemo3")
public class requestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求消息体--请求参数

        //1.获取字符流
        BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
        //2.读取数据
        String line = null;
        while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
            System.out.println(line);
        }

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

其他功能：

获取请求参数通用的方式：不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数

1.String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取值

2. String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组  

3. Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称

4. Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合

中文乱码问题：

get方式：tomcat8 无乱码问题

post方式：会乱码

        解决：

request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

@WebServlet("/requestDemo4")
public class requestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //POST获取请求参数

        //根据参数名称获取请求参数
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        /*System.out.println("post");
        System.out.println(username);*/

        //根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
        String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
        /*for (String hobby:hobbies) {
            System.out.println(hobby);
        }*/

        //获取所有请求的参数的名称
        Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
        /*while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()) {
            String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(name);
            String value = request.getParameter(name);
            System.out.println(value);
            System.out.println("---------");
        }*/

        //获取所有参数的Map集合
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
        Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
        for (String name : keyset) {
            //获取键获取值
            String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
            System.out.println(name);
            for (String value : values) {
                System.out.println(value);
            }
            System.out.println("--------");
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //GET获取请求参数
        //根据参数名称获取请求参数
        /*String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println("get");
        System.out.println(username);*/
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}