【系统部署知识汇总】第14章—— 部署python语言的web环境

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部署基于python语⾔的WEB发布环境

01
 部署说明
02
部署流程
03
发布web
04
测试

部署说明 01

1）面向对象的语言
2）拥有丰富的库
3）可移植性
4）免费、开源
5）简单易学

可做软件开发、⼈⼯智能、web开发等等

02 部署流程

Cnetos7.5+Nginx+python+Django+uwsgi+mysql

实验部署流程：

1）安装Nginx
2）安装python
3）安装mysql
4）部署发布平台
5）测试

部署Nginx

声明

• 实验机器: Vmware 虚拟机 8核10G
• ⽹卡:桥接
• 系统:centos7.5
• 防⽕墙:关闭
• Selinux：关闭
• ⽹段:192.168.10.0/24
• WEB01:192.168.10.42

MySQL部署

Mysql介绍

1个关系型数据库，由瑞典的AB公司开发，后来卖给了oracle公司，⽬前分为商业版和社区版
⽬前有量⼤版本 mysql5 和 mysql8
⽬前建议⼤家先使⽤5.7最新版本即可。官⽅提供了RPM和源码两种格式

Mysql安装步骤

1）安装依赖包
2) 升级cmake⼯具
3) 升级boost库⽂件
4) 安装mysql
5) 启动测试

⼀、前期准备
依赖包

https://cmake.org/download/ 
https://www.boost.org/mysql	# boost Boost库是⼀个可移植、提供源代码的C++库，作为标准库的后备，是C++标准化进程的开发引擎之⼀
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

⼆、编译环境安装

yum -y install ncurses-devel gcc-* bzip2-*

1)cmake install

tar xf cmake-3.6.0-rc1.tar
cd cmake-3.6.0-rc1
./configure
make
make install

2）boost

tar xf boost_1_59_0.tar.bz2
mv boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost

3)mysql

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -r mysql
mkdir -pv /usr/local/mysql/data
tar xf mysql...tar.xx
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/
usr/local/mysql/data/ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock 
-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=0 -DWITH_INNODBBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -
DENABLE_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -
DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DWITH_DEBUG=0 
-DWITH_EMBEDED_SERVER=0 -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost

##解释

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX 指定安装路径
-DMYSQL_DATADIR 指定存放数据⽂件的⽬录位置
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR 指定mysql.sock的路径
-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=0 不下载boost库⽂件
-DWITH_INNODBBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 指定默认存储引擎
-DENABLE_LOCAL_INFILE=1 允许客户端使⽤local data

local 导⼊本地数据⽂件

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all ⽀持所有字符集
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 默认字符集是UTF-8
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci 数据库校对规则
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql 管理⽤户是mysql
-DWITH_DEBUG=0 关闭debug
-DWITH_EMBEDED_SERVER=0 ⽣成⼀个libmysqld.a(.so)的库，这个库同时集成了mysql服务与客户端API
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost 指定boost的路径

make 
make install

4)安装后操作

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/ -R
ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/bin/
ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/lib/* /usr/lib/
ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/libexec/* /usr/local/libexec
ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/share/man/man1/* /usr/share/man/man1
ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/share/man/man8/* /usr/share/man/man8
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/
usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

修改配置⽂件确保路径正确

[root@web01 ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysql.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysql.pid
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

5)启动mysql

初始化 root@localhost: /q%Zpaoio5i1

6）密码修改

cmake 安装：
1）获得软件

https://cmake.org/download/

2)安装软件

tar xf cmake-3.6.0-rc1.tar
cd cmake-3.6.0-rc1
./configure
make
make install
boost

解压到指定⽬录即可
cmake 参数分解：

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX 指定安装路径
-DMYSQL_DATADIR 指定存放数据⽂件的⽬录位置
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR 指定mysql.sock的路径
-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=0 不下载boost库⽂件
-DWITH_INNODBBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 指定默认存储引擎
-DENABLE_LOCAL_INFILE=1 允许客户端使⽤local data local 导⼊本地数据⽂件
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all ⽀持所有字符集
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 默认字符集是UTF-8
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci 数据库校对规则
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql 管理⽤户是mysql
-DWITH_DEBUG=0 关闭debug
-DWITH_EMBEDED_SERVER=0 ⽣成⼀个libmysqld.a(.so)的库，这个库同时集成了mysql服务与客户端API
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost 指定boost的路径

安装后操作：

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/ -R
ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/bin/
ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/lib/* /usr/lib/
ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/libexec/* /usr/local/libexec
ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/share/man/man1/* /usr/share/man/man1
ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/share/man/man8/* /usr/share/man/man8

初始化数据库

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

修改配置⽂件：

vim /etc/my.cnf

确保所有参数的路径正确

[root@web01 ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysql.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysql.pid
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

Python部署

软件获得

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tar.xz

Python安装

[root@web01 ~]# tar xf Python-3.7.1.tar.xz
[root@web01 ~]# cd Python-3.7.1
[root@web01 Python-3.7.1]# yum -y install gcc-* openssl-* libffi-devel sqlite-devel
[root@web01 Python-3.7.1]# ./configure --enable-optimizations --with-openssl=/usr/bin/openssl
[root@web01 Python-3.7.1]# make -j4
[root@web01 Python-3.7.1]# make install
默认安装路径：/usr/local/lib/python3.7

ln -s python /usr/bin/python3

安装测试

[root@web01 Python-3.7.1]# python3
Python 3.7.1 (default, Oct 27 2018, 22:51:15) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> 
>>> exit()

;
当我们从Python官⽅⽹站下载并安装好Python 3.5后，我们就直接获得了⼀个官⽅版本的解释器：CPython。

升级pip

Pip: pip 是 Python 包管理⼯具，该⼯具提供了对Python 包的查找、下载、安装、卸载的功能。

[root@web01 ~]# pip3 install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c2/d7/90f34cb0d83a6c5631cf71dfe64cc1054598c843a92b400e55675cc2ac37/pip-18.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
(1.3MB)
 100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 106kB/s 
Installing collected packages: pip
 Found existing installation: pip 10.0.1
 Uninstalling pip-10.0.1:
 Successfully uninstalled pip-10.0.1
Successfully installed pip-18.1

安装python虚拟环境

virtualenv 是⼀个创建隔绝的Python环境的⼯具。virtualenv创建⼀个包含所有必要的可执⾏⽂件的⽂件夹，⽤来使⽤Python⼯程所需的包。

[root@web01 ~]# pip3 install virtualenv
Collecting virtualenv
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b6/30/96a02b2287098b23b875bc8c2f58071c35d2efe84f747b64d523721dc2b5/virtualenv-16.0.0-py2.py3-noneany.whl (1.9MB)
 100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.9MB 55kB/s 
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Successfully installed virtualenv-16.0.0

使用虚拟环境

[root@web01 ~]# virtualenv web01
[root@web01 ~]# source web01/bin/activate
(web01) [root@web01 ~]# pip3 install django
(web01) [root@web01 ~]#django-admin.py startproject www
python manage.py migrate
(web01) [root@web01 ~]#python manage.py runserver 192.168.10.42:8000
(web01) [root@web01 ~]# vim www/settings.py
 ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

deactivate	# 退出虚拟环境

安装Django

[root@web01 ~]# pip3 install django
Collecting django
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/32/ab/22530cc1b2114e6067eece94a333d6c749fa1c56a009f0721e51c181ea53/Django-2.1.2-py3-none-any.whl 
(7.3MB)
 100% |████████████████████████████████| 7.3MB 96kB/s 
Collecting pytz (from django)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/52/8b/876c5745f617630be90cfb8fafe363c6d7204b176dc707d1805d1e9a0a35/pytz-2018.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
(507kB)
 100% |████████████████████████████████| 512kB 118kB/s 
Installing collected packages: pytz, django
Successfully installed django-2.1.2 pytz-2018.6

03 发布⼀个WEB

部署web发布环境
在这里插入图片描述

安装uwsgi

uwsgi是服务器和服务端应⽤程序的通信协议，规定了怎么把请求转发给应⽤程序和返回
uWSGI是⼀个Web服务器，它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作⽤是与uWSGI服务器进⾏交换。
nginx 和 uWSGI交互就必须使⽤同⼀个协议，⽽上⾯说了uwsgi⽀持fastcgi,uwsgi,http协议，这些都是nginx⽀持的协议，只要⼤家沟通好使⽤哪个协议，就可以正常运⾏了。

[root@web01 ~]# pip3 install uwsgi
Collecting uwsgi
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a2/c9/a2d5737f63cd9df4317a4acc15d1ddf4952e28398601d8d7d706c16381e0/uwsgi-2.0.17.1.tar.gz (800kB)
 100% |████████████████████████████████| 808kB 64kB/s 
Installing collected packages: uwsgi
 Running setup.py install for uwsgi ... done
Successfully installed uwsgi-2.0.17.1

编辑uwsgi配置⽂件

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.ini
[uwsgi]
uid = root
gid = root
socket = 127.0.0.1:9090
master = true //启动主进程
vhost = true //多站模式
no-site = true //多站模式时不设置⼊⼝模块和⽂件
workers = 2 //⼦进程数
reload-mercy = 10 //平滑的重启
vacuum = true //退出、重启时清理⽂件
max-requests = 1000 //开启10000个进程后, ⾃动respawn下
limit-as = 512 // 将进程的总内存量控制在512M 
buffer-size = 30000
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid //pid⽂件，⽤于下⾯的脚本启动、停⽌该进程
daemonize = /website/uwsgi9090.log

编辑uwsgi配置⽂件

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.ini
[uwsgi]
uid = root
gid = root
socket = 127.0.0.1:9090
master = true //启动主进程
vhost = true //多站模式
no-site = true //多站模式时不设置⼊⼝模块和⽂件
workers = 2 //⼦进程数
reload-mercy = 10 //平滑的重启
vacuum = true //退出、重启时清理⽂件
max-requests = 1000 //开启10000个进程后, ⾃动respawn下
limit-as = 512 // 将进程的总内存量控制在512M 
buffer-size = 30000
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid //pid⽂件，⽤于下⾯的脚本启动、停⽌该进程
daemonize = /website/uwsgi9090.log

python环境更加详细的部署内容

部署⼀个python业务的web服务器
软件环境
rhel7.5
python3.7.1 
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tar.xz
uwsgi 2.0.17
wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a2/c9/
a2d5737f63cd9df4317a4acc15d1ddf4952e28398601d8d7d706c16381e0/
uwsgi-2.0.17.1.tar.gz
#/usr/local/lib/python3.7
[root@web01 ~]# tar xf Python-3.7.1.tar.xz
[root@web01 ~]# cd Python-3.7.1
[root@web01 Python-3.7.1]# yum -y install gcc-* openssl-* libffidevel sqlite-devel
[root@web01 Python-3.7.1]# ./configure --enable-optimizations --
with-openssl=/usr/bin/openssl
[root@web01 Python-3.7.1]# make -j4
[root@web01 Python-3.7.1]# make install
[root@web01 Python-3.7.1]# python3
Python 3.7.1 (default, Oct 27 2018, 22:51:15) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more 
information.
>>> 
>>> exit();
当我们从Python官⽅⽹站下载并安装好Python 3.5后，我们就直接获得了⼀个官⽅版本的
解释器：CPython。
CPython。这个解释器是⽤C语⾔开发的，所以叫CPython。在命令⾏下运⾏python就是启
动CPython解释器。
CPython是使⽤最⼴的Python解释器。教程的所有代码也都在CPython下执⾏。
⽤ Python 的语法混合编写 Python 和 C/C++ 代码，提升 Python 速度
调⽤ C/C++ 代码
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the 
ssl module in Python is not available.
[root@web01 Python-3.7.1]# vim Modules/Setup 把下边这段话的#去掉
211 SSL=/usr/local/ssl
212 _ssl _ssl.c \
213 -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
214 -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
[root@web01 Python-3.7.1]# make
[root@web01 Python-3.7.1]# make install
#升级pip⼯具 pip 是 Python 包管理⼯具，该⼯具提供了对Python 包的查找、下
载、安装、卸载的功能。
[root@web01 ~]# pip3 install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c2/
d7/90f34cb0d83a6c5631cf71dfe64cc1054598c843a92b400e55675cc2ac37/
pip-18.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)
 100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 106kB/s 
Installing collected packages: pip
 Found existing installation: pip 10.0.1
 Uninstalling pip-10.0.1:
 Successfully uninstalled pip-10.0.1
Successfully installed pip-18.1
virtualenv 是⼀个创建隔绝的Python环境的⼯具。virtualenv创建⼀个包含所有必要
的可执⾏⽂件的⽂件夹，⽤来使⽤Python⼯程所需的包。
[root@web01 ~]# pip3 install virtualenv
Collecting virtualenv
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/
b6/30/96a02b2287098b23b875bc8c2f58071c35d2efe84f747b64d523721dc2b5/
virtualenv-16.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.9MB)
 100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.9MB 55kB/s 
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Successfully installed virtualenv-16.0.0
[root@web01 ~]# virtualenv web01
[root@web01 ~]# source web01/bin/activate
(web01) [root@web01 ~]# pip3 install django
(web01) [root@web01 ~]#django-admin.py startproject www
(web01) [root@web01 ~]#python3 manage.py runserver 
192.168.10.42:8000
(web01) [root@web01 ~]# vim www/settings.py
 ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
[root@web01 ~]# pip3 install django
Collecting django
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/32/ab/
22530cc1b2114e6067eece94a333d6c749fa1c56a009f0721e51c181ea53/
Django-2.1.2-py3-none-any.whl (7.3MB)
 100% |████████████████████████████████| 7.3MB 96kB/s 
Collecting pytz (from django)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/52/8b/
876c5745f617630be90cfb8fafe363c6d7204b176dc707d1805d1e9a0a35/
pytz-2018.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (507kB)
 100% |████████████████████████████████| 512kB 118kB/s 
Installing collected packages: pytz, django
Successfully installed django-2.1.2 pytz-2018.6
uwsgi是服务器和服务端应⽤程序的通信协议，规定了怎么把请求转发给应⽤程序和返回
uWSGI是⼀个Web服务器，它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中
HttpUwsgiModule的作⽤是与uWSGI服务器进⾏交换。
nginx 和 uWSGI交互就必须使⽤同⼀个协议，⽽上⾯说了uwsgi⽀持
fastcgi,uwsgi,http协议，这些都是nginx⽀持的协议，只要⼤家沟通好使⽤哪个协议，
就可以正常运⾏了。
[root@web01 ~]# pip3 install uwsgi
Collecting uwsgi
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a2/c9/
a2d5737f63cd9df4317a4acc15d1ddf4952e28398601d8d7d706c16381e0/
uwsgi-2.0.17.1.tar.gz (800kB)
 100% |████████████████████████████████| 808kB 64kB/s 
Installing collected packages: uwsgi
 Running setup.py install for uwsgi ... done
Successfully installed uwsgi-2.0.17.1
uwsgi
[root@web01 ~]# mkdir /etc/uwsgi
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.ini
[uwsgi]
uid = root
gid = root
socket = 127.0.0.1:9090
master = true //启动主进程
vhost = true //多站模式
no-site = true //多站模式时不设置⼊⼝模块和⽂件
workers = 2 //⼦进程数
reload-mercy = 10 //平滑的重启
vacuum = true //退出、重启时清理⽂件
max-requests = 1000 //开启10000个进程后, ⾃动respawn下
limit-as = 512 // 将进程的总内存量控制在512M 
buffer-size = 30000
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid //pid⽂件，⽤于下⾯的脚本启动、停⽌该
进程
daemonize = /website/uwsgi9090.log
[root@web01 ~]# cat /etc/init.d/uwsgi 
#!/bin/sh
 DESC="uwsgi daemon"
 NAME=uwsgi
 DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi
 CONFIGFILE=/etc/uwsgi/$NAME.ini
 PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
 SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
 FIFOFILE=/tmp/uwsgififo
 set -e
 [ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0
 do_start() {
 if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ];then
 $DAEMON $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "uwsgi running"
 else
 echo "The PID is exist..."
 fi
 }
 do_stop() {
 if [ -f $PIDFILE ];then
 $DAEMON --stop $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi not running"
 rm -f $PIDFILE
 echo "$DAEMON STOPED."
 else
 echo "The $PIDFILE doesn't found"
 fi
 }
 do_reload() {
 if [ -p $FIFOFILE ];then
 echo w > $FIFOFILE
 else
 $DAEMON --touch-workers-reload $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi 
can't reload"
 fi
 }
 do_status() {
 ps aux|grep $DAEMON
 }
 case "$1" in
 status)
 echo -en "Status $NAME: \n"
 do_status
 ;;
 start)
 echo -en "Starting $NAME: \n"
 do_start
 ;;
 stop)
 echo -en "Stopping $NAME: \n"
 do_stop
 ;; 
 reload|graceful)
 echo -en "Reloading $NAME: \n"
 do_reload
 ;;
 *)
 echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2
 exit 3
 ;;
 esac
 exit 0
[root@web01 ~]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/uwsgi
Nginx发布
 server { 
 listen 80;
 server_name localhost;
 #access_log logs/abc.log main;
 location / {
 include uwsgi_params;
 uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9090; 
 uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT baism_web.wsgi;
 uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /usr/local/nginx/html/baism_web;
 index index.html index.htm;
 client_max_body_size 35m;
 #uwsgi_cache_valid 1m;
 #uwsgi_temp_file_write_size 64k;
 #uwsgi_busy_buffers_size 64k;
 #uwsgi_buffers 8 64k;
 #uwsgi_buffer_size 64k;
 #uwsgi_read_timeout 300;
 #uwsgi_send_timeout 300;
 #uwsgi_connect_timeout 300;
 }
}
pythonpath = /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages