Vuex
vuex集中式存储管理应用的所有组件的状态,并以相应的规则保证状态以可预测的方式发生变化。
vue add vuex
核心概念
- state状态、数据
- mutations更改状态的函数
- actions异步操作
- store包含以上概念的容器
状态-state
state保存应用状态
export default new Vuex.Store({
state: { counter: 0 }
})
状态变更-mutations
mutations用于修改状态,store.js
export default new Vuex.Store({
mutations: {
add(state) {
state.counter++
}
}
})
派生状态-getters
从state派生出新状态,类似计算属性
export default new Vuex.Store({
getters: {
doubleCounter(state) { // 计算剩余数量
return state.counter * 2
}
}
})
动作-actions
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions: {
add({ commit }) {
setTimeout(() => {
commit('add')
}, 1000)
}
}
})
测试代码:
<p @click="$stoore.commit('add')">counter: {{$store.state.counter}}</p>
<p @click="$store.dispatch('add')">async counter: {{$store.state.counter}}</p>
<p>double: {{$store.getters.doubleCounter}}</p>
Vuex原理解析
任务分析:
- 实现一个插件:声明Store类,挂载$store
- Store具体实现:
- 创建响应式的state,保存mutations、actions和getters
- 实现commit根据用户传入type执行对应mutation
初始化:Store声明、install实现,kvuex.js:
let Vue;
class Store {
constructor(options = {}) {
this._vm = new Vue({
data: {
$$state: options.state
}
})
}
get state() {
return this._vm._data.$$date
}
set state(v) {
console.error('please use replaceState to reset state')
}
}
function install(_Vue) {
Vue = _Vue;
Vue.mixin({
beforeCreate() {
if(this.$options.store) {
Vue.prototype.$store = this.$options.store
}
}
})
}
export default { Store, install }
实现commit:根据用户传入type获取并执行对应mutation
class Store {
constructor(options = {}) {
// 保存用户配置的mutations选项
this._mutations = options.mutations || {}
}
commit(type, payload) {
// 获取type对应的mutation
const entry = this._mutations[type]
if(!entry) {
console.error('unknown mutation type: ${type}');
}
// 指定上下文为Store实例
// 传递state给mutation
entry(this.state, payload);
}
}
实现actions:根据用户传入type获取并执行对应mutation
class Store {
constructor(options = {}) {
// 保存用户配置的mutations选项
this._mutations = options.mutations || {}
}
commit(type, payload) {
// 获取type对应的mutation
const entry = this._mutations[type]
if(!entry) {
console.error('unknown mutation type: ${type}');
}
// 指定上下文为Store实例
// 传递state给mutation
entry(this.state, payload);
}
}
实现actions:根据用户传入type获取并执行对应mutation
class Store{
constructor(options = {}) {
// 保存用户编写的actions选项
this._actions = options.actions || {}
// 绑定commit上下文否则action中调用commit时可能出现问题!
// 同时也把action绑了,因为action可以互调
const store = this
const {commit, action} = store
this.commit = function boundCommit(type, payload) {
commit.call(store, type, payload)
}
this.action = function boundAction(type, payload) {
return action.call(store, type, payload)
}
}
dispatch(type, payload) {
// 获取用户编写的type对应的action
const entry = this._actions[type]
if(!entry) {
console.error(`unknown action type: ${type}`)
return
}
// 异步结果处理常常需要返回promise
return entry(this, payload)
}
}