AIDL的作用
通过代码来实现这个数据传输过程是冗长乏味的,Android提供了AIDL工具来处理这项工作。
AIDL IPC机制是面向接口的,像COM或Corba一样,但是更加轻量级。它是使用代理类在客户端和实现端传递数据。
一. 概述:
跨进程通信(AIDL),主要实现进程(应用)间数据共享功能。
二. 实现流程:
1. 服务器端实现:
(1)目录结构,如下图:
(2)实现*.aidl文件:
A. IPerson.aidl 接口实现:
interface IPerson{String getName();
Person getPerson();
}
B. Person.aidl实现:
parcelable Person;
(3)进程间传递对象必需实现Parcelable或Serializable接口,下面是被传递的Person对象实现:
import android.os.Parcel;import android.os.Parcelable;
public class Person implements Parcelable {
private String name;
private int age;
public Person() {
}
public Person(Parcel source) {
name = source.readString();
age = source.readInt();
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
dest.writeString(name);
dest.writeInt(age);
}
public static final Parcelable.Creator<Person> CREATOR = new Creator<Person>() {
public Person[] newArray(int size) {
return new Person[size];
}
public Person createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
return new Person(source);
}
};
}
(4)实现AIDLServiceImpl.aidl文件中定义的接口,并定义Service,在Service被bind时返回此实现类:
public class AIDLServiceImpl extends Service { @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return mBinder; } /** * 在AIDL文件中定义的接口实现。 */ private IPerson.Stub mBinder = new Stub() { public String getName() throws RemoteException { return "mayingcai"; } public Person getPerson() throws RemoteException { Person mPerson = new Person(); mPerson.setName("mayingcai"); mPerson.setAge(24); return mPerson; } }; }import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
public class AIDLServiceImpl extends Service {
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
}
* 在AIDL文件中定义的接口实现。
*/
private IAIDLService.Stub mBinder = new Stub() {
public String getName() throws RemoteException {
return "mayingcai";
}
public Person getPerson() throws RemoteException {
Person mPerson = new Person();
mPerson.setName("mayingcai");
mPerson.setAge(24);
return mPerson;
}
};
}
(5)在AndroidManifest.xml文件中注册Service:
<service android:name="com.huawei.vodafone.aidl.AIDLServiceImpl" android:exported="true" android:process=":remote" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.focus.aidl.IPerson.aidl" />————————服务端Intent相同 </intent-filter> </service>package com.huawei.vodafone.aidl;
parcelable Person;
记得在Activity bindService
private IPerson myAIDLService;
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
}
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
myAIDLService = IPerson.Stub.asInterface(service);
}
};
Intent startIntent = new Intent(this, AIDLServiceImpl.class);
bindService(startIntent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
至此服务端配置完毕
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配置客户端
Android 跨进程通信(二)
2. 客户端实现:
(1)目录结构,如下图:
(2)将服务器端的IPerson.aidl,Person.aidl和Person.java文件拷贝到本工程中,如上图所示:
(3)res/layout/main.xml实现:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android
android:layout_width="fill_parent
android:layout_height="fill_parent
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/name
android:layout_width="wrap_content
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/connection
android:layout_width="wrap_content
android:layout_height="wrap_content
android:text="连接" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/message
android:layout_width="wrap_content
android:layout_height="wrap_content
android:enabled="false
android:text="信息" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/person
android:layout_width="wrap_content
android:layout_height="wrap_content
android:enabled="false
android:text="人" />
</LinearLayout>
(4)主Activity实现,从服务器端获取数据在客户端显示:
import android.app.Activity;import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class AIDLClientAcitivty extends Activity { private IPerson mAIDLService; private TextView mName; private Button mMessage; private Button mPerson; /** * 第一步,创建ServiceConnection对象,在onServiceConnected()方法中获取IAIDLService实现。 */ private ServiceConnection mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() { public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { mAIDLService = IPerson.Stub.asInterface(service); mMessage.setEnabled(true); mPerson.setEnabled(true); } public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { mAIDLService = null; mMessage.setEnabled(false); mPerson.setEnabled(false); } }; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.layout); mName = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.name); findViewById(R.id.connection).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View view) { /** * 第二步,单击"连接"按钮后用mServiceConnection去bind服务器端创建的Service。 */ Intent service = new Intent("com.focus.aidl.IPerson.aidl"); bindService(service, mServiceConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE); } }); mMessage = (Button) findViewById(R.id.message); mMessage.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View view) { /** * 第三步,从服务器端获取字符串。 */ try { mName.setText(mAIDLService.getName()); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); mPerson = (Button) findViewById(R.id.person); mPerson.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View view) { /** * 第四步,从服务器端获取Person对象。 */ try { Person mPerson = mAIDLService.getPerson(); mName.setText("姓名:" + mPerson.getName() + ", 年龄:" + mPerson.getAge()); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } }
到此结束配置。
坑:1.绑定service 生成AIDL 2.接口文件 报错 不能用修饰符修饰3.object类。aidl的书写
配置客户端的坑:1.整个文件夹复制到客户端去除service