Dom解析XML
将整个文档加载到内存中，拿到了树状结构根节点相当于拿到了全部节点。
优点：方便的实现增加，修改，删除的操作。
缺点：一次在内存中分配一个树形结构，容易造成内存的溢出。
编程思路：DocumentBuilderFacory->DocumentBuilder->Document->NodeList->Node
若是修改xml，则需注意应该把内存中的document实例化到文件中，否则硬盘上的文件没有发生变化。
修改思路：TransformerFactory->Transformer->transform(DOMSource,StreamResult); DOMSource是document根节点，StreamResult是文件。
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.Result;
import javax.xml.transform.Source;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
public class DomParse {
@Test
public void domparse() throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException
{
DocumentBuilderFactory builderFactory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder=builderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document =builder.parse("book.xml");
NodeList list=document.getElementsByTagName("Name");
Node node=list.item(1); //第二个节点
String content=node.getTextContent();
System.out.println(content);
}
@Test
public void domModify() throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException, TransformerException
{
DocumentBuilderFactory builderFactory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder=builderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document =builder.parse("book.xml");
NodeList list=document.getElementsByTagName("Name");
Node node=list.item(1); //第二个节点
node.setTextContent("wanhao");
TransformerFactory factory=TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer transformer=factory.newTransformer();
Source xmlSource=new DOMSource(document);
Result outputTarget=new StreamResult("book.xml");
transformer.transform(xmlSource, outputTarget);
}
}
book.xml放在项目根路径下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<AddressBook>
<Address id="1" isLocal="true">
<Name solutation="Mr.">Sam</Name>
<Street>QuanKouRd.</Street>
<City>ShangHai</City>
<State>US</State>
<Country>China</Country>
<Pin>111</Pin>
</Address>
<Address id="2" isLocal="false">
<Name solutation="Mrs.">wanhao</Name>
<Street>JiaHangRd.</Street>
<City>ShangHai</City>
<State>US</State>
<Country>India</Country>
<Pin>222</Pin>
</Address>
</AddressBook>SAX解析XML
一个元素一个元素的解析，不会造成内存溢出，当然也不可以修改xml。
思路SAXParserFactory -> SAXParser ->parse ->匿名内部类DefaultHandler
@Test
public void saxParse() throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException{
SAXParserFactory parseFactory=SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
SAXParser parser=parseFactory.newSAXParser();
parser.parse(new File("book.xml"), new DefaultHandler(){
@Override
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
System.out.println("文档开始");
}
@Override
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
System.out.println("文档结束");
}
//qName 标签名字 ，attributes属性值,虽不是list，也可以通过get方法遍历，开始一个标签
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes)
throws SAXException {
System.out.print("<"+qName);
for(int i=0;i<attributes.getLength();++i)
{
System.out.print(" "+attributes.getQName(i)+"="+attributes.getValue(i));
}
System.out.print(">");
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
System.out.print("</"+qName+">");
}
//文本内容
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
String content=new String(ch,start,length);
System.out.print(content);
}
});
}一边用int记录是第几个标签名为Name的标签，一边读取文本内容。
private static int cur=0;
@Test
public void getSecondName() throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException
{
SAXParserFactory factory=SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
SAXParser parser=factory.newSAXParser();
parser.parse(new File("book.xml"), new DefaultHandler(){
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes)
throws SAXException {
if("Name".equals(qName))
{
cur++;
}
}
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
if(cur==2)
{
cur++;
System.out.println("第二个Name标签中值为"+new String(ch,start,length));
}
}
});
}
若是想要把原来的xml文件转化成List<JavaBean>然后可以随意遍历，举个例子：
List<Address>list=new ArrayList<>();
Address address;
Name name;
boolean isName;
boolean isStreet;
boolean isCity;
boolean isState;
boolean isCountry;
boolean isPin;
@Test
public void saxParserList() throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException
{
SAXParserFactory factory=SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
SAXParser parser=factory.newSAXParser();
parser.parse(new File("book.xml"),new DefaultHandler(){
@Override
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
System.out.println(list);
}
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes)
throws SAXException {
if("Name".equals(qName)){
isName=true;
name=new Name();
name.setSolutation(attributes.getValue(0));
}
else if("Address".equals(qName)){
address=new Address();
address.setId(Integer.parseInt(attributes.getValue(0)));
address.setLocal(Boolean.parseBoolean(attributes.getValue(1)));
}
else if("Street".equals(qName)){
isStreet=true;
}
else if("City".equals(qName)){
isCity=true;
}
else if("State".equals(qName)){
isState=true;
}
else if("Country".equals(qName)){
isCountry=true;
}
else if("Pin".equals(qName)){
isPin=true;
}
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
if("Street".equals(qName)){
isStreet=false;
}
else if("City".equals(qName)){
isCity=false;
}
else if("State".equals(qName)){
isState=false;
}
else if("Country".equals(qName)){
isCountry=false;
}
else if("Pin".equals(qName)){
isPin=false;
}
else if("Name".equals(qName)){
isName=false;
address.setName(name);
}
else if("Address".equals(qName)){
list.add(address);
}
}
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
if(isName){
name.setContent(new String(ch,start,length));
}
if(isStreet){
address.setStreet(new String(ch,start,length));
}
if(isCity){
address.setCity(new String(ch,start,length));
}
if(isState){
address.setState(new String(ch,start,length));
}
if(isCountry){
address.setCountry(new String(ch,start,length));
}
if(isPin){
address.setPin(new String(ch,start,length));
}
}
});
}写javabean时，注意应该写上toString()方法。
避免读到换行和空格的方法是当读完标签将flag设为false。
Pull解析XML
Pull的原理和SAX基本类似，但Pull相对于SAX，有几个优点
1.Pull面向对象的程度更好，所以它只需在一个方法里便可以调取全部信息，不必设置各种flag，因此简化了代码。
2.Pull随时可以终止解析Xml，节约了CPU资源。而SAX每次解析都会把XML解析完。想要从中间终止解析xml，建议用break out;
仿照上一个例子：
将xml实例化到ArrayList
private List<Address>list=new ArrayList<>();
private Address address;
private Name name;
@Test
public void pullTest() throws XmlPullParserException, IOException{
XmlPullParserFactory factory=XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
XmlPullParser parser=factory.newPullParser();
parser.setInput(new FileInputStream("book.xml"), "utf-8");
int eventType=parser.getEventType();
while(eventType!=XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT)
{
switch(eventType)
{
case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
if("Address".equals(parser.getName())){
address=new Address();
address.setId(Integer.parseInt(parser.getAttributeValue(0)));
address.setLocal(Boolean.parseBoolean(parser.getAttributeValue(1)));
}
else if("Name".equals(parser.getName())){
name=new Name();
name.setSolutation(parser.getAttributeValue(0));
name.setContent(parser.nextText());
address.setName(name);
}
else if("Street".equals(parser.getName())){
address.setStreet(parser.nextText());
}
else if("City".equals(parser.getName())){
address.setCity(parser.nextText());
}
else if("State".equals(parser.getName())){
address.setState(parser.nextText());
}
else if("Country".equals(parser.getName())){
address.setCountry(parser.nextText());
}
else if("Pin".equals(parser.getName())){
address.setPin(parser.nextText());
}
break;
case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
if("Address".equals(parser.getName())){
list.add(address);
}
break;
}
eventType=parser.next();
}
System.out.println(list);
System.out.print("解析完毕");
}只是解析第一个Address：稍微修改上述代码
out:
while(eventType!=XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT)
{
switch(eventType)
{
case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
if("Address".equals(parser.getName())){
address=new Address();
address.setId(Integer.parseInt(parser.getAttributeValue(0)));
address.setLocal(Boolean.parseBoolean(parser.getAttributeValue(1)));
}
else if("Name".equals(parser.getName())){
name=new Name();
name.setSolutation(parser.getAttributeValue(0));
name.setContent(parser.nextText());
address.setName(name);
}
else if("Street".equals(parser.getName())){
address.setStreet(parser.nextText());
}
else if("City".equals(parser.getName())){
address.setCity(parser.nextText());
}
else if("State".equals(parser.getName())){
address.setState(parser.nextText());
}
else if("Country".equals(parser.getName())){
address.setCountry(parser.nextText());
}
else if("Pin".equals(parser.getName())){
address.setPin(parser.nextText());
}
break;
case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
if("Address".equals(parser.getName())){
i++;
if(i==1)
{
System.out.println(address);
break out;
}
}
break;
}
eventType=parser.next();
}
System.out.print("解析完毕");
记得：
eventType必须要更新 用parser的next方法，表示解析下一个，不然会出现死循环。
还有一点获得XmlPullParser pullParser=Xml.newPullParser();也可以得到XmlPullParser.
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