HDU - 3032 Nim or not Nim?

Nim or not Nim?

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 2238 Accepted Submission(s): 1158

Problem Description
Nim is a two-player mathematic game of strategy in which players take turns removing objects from distinct heaps. On each turn, a player must remove at least one object, and may remove any number of objects provided they all come from the same heap.

Nim is usually played as a misere game, in which the player to take the last object loses. Nim can also be played as a normal play game, which means that the person who makes the last move (i.e., who takes the last object) wins. This is called normal play because most games follow this convention, even though Nim usually does not.

Alice and Bob is tired of playing Nim under the standard rule, so they make a difference by also allowing the player to separate one of the heaps into two smaller ones. That is, each turn the player may either remove any number of objects from a heap or separate a heap into two smaller ones, and the one who takes the last object wins.

Input
Input contains multiple test cases. The first line is an integer 1 ≤ T ≤ 100, the number of test cases. Each case begins with an integer N, indicating the number of the heaps, the next line contains N integers s[0], s[1], …., s[N-1], representing heaps with s[0], s[1], …, s[N-1] objects respectively.(1 ≤ N ≤ 10^6, 1 ≤ S[i] ≤ 2^31 - 1)

Output
For each test case, output a line which contains either “Alice” or “Bob”, which is the winner of this game. Alice will play first. You may asume they never make mistakes.

Sample Input
2
3
2 2 3
2
3 3

Sample Output
Alice
Bob

Source
2009 Multi-University Training Contest 13 - Host by HIT

Recommend
gaojie

数据比较大，肯定有规律，先对sg打表，然后找规律：
求sg:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int sg[1005],mex[1005];
void f()
{
    memset(sg,0,sizeof(sg));

    sg[0]=0;
    for(int n=1;n<1000;n++)
    {
        memset(mex,0,sizeof(mex));
        for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i--) mex[sg[i]]=1;
        for(int i=1;i<=n/2;i++)
        {
            int ans=0;
            ans^=sg[i];
            ans^=sg[n-i];
            mex[ans]=1;
        }
        for(int i=0;;i++)
            if(!mex[i]) {sg[n]=i;break;}
    }
}

int main()
{
    f();
    for(int i=0;i<100;i++)
        cout<<"i="<<i<<' '<<sg[i]<<endl;
}

规律很明显，当sg[4k]=4k-1,sg[4k-1]=4k;
ac代码：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    long long n,k,t;
    long long ans=0;
    cin>>t;
    while(t--)
    {
        cin>>n;
        ans=0;
        for(long long i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            scanf("%lld",&k);
            if(k==0) ans^=0;
            else if(k%4==0) ans^=(k-1);
            else if(k%4==3) ans^=(k+1);
            else ans^=k;
        }
        if(ans) cout<<"Alice"<<endl;
        else cout<<"Bob"<<endl;
    }
}